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【引言】
目前,在提高学生写作能力方面还存在许多亟待探讨和解决的问题。 在高中英语的教学中还普遍存在着重知识、轻能力的现象。教学多以教师讲解词汇和语法知识为主,语言输入量偏小,教学中忽视对学生提取信息和处理信息能力的培养,忽视对学生分析问题、解决问题能力的培养,单一的、满堂灌的教学方法和被动的学习方式难以使学生形成听说读写的综合语言运用能力,难以发展学生的思维能力和分析问题、解决问题的能力。因此,导致学生普遍缺乏英语写作兴趣,写作能力上不去等等。写作一直是教学中的薄弱点。要想改变这些教学现状,不仅需要教师加强学习,提高自身素质,更需要建立科学、有效的课堂教学模式体系。
【理论依据】
建构主义认为学生应由传统的知识的被动接受者转变为知识的积极建构者。学习过程不是学习者被动地接受知识,而是积极地建构知识的过程。以杜威为代表的经验主义课程理论认为,教育与课程的出发点是学生及其活动;尊重学生、发展学生、解放学生,让学生成为学习和活动的主人,使其天性与个性得到充分发展;坚持教学活动与学习活动的实践性与活动性,是一种关注与强调“实践”的课程理论。
【教材分析】
该版块引导学生进行探究性学习,把英语的听、说、读、写的训练从课堂内拓展到课外。 首先阅读与该单元话题有关的具体阅读材料, 让学生从中受到启发,激发用英语开展某一活动的兴趣。然后根据所给的具体步骤,通过小组讨论、分工合作,用英语去做一件事,最后呈现学习成果,创造性地完成学习任务,培养综合运用英语的能力。
【学情分析】
不少学生在进行英语写作常感到不知从何写起,对英语写作有畏惧的心理;习惯以汉语思维来写作,将要求写的内容生硬地翻译成不符合英语表达习惯的文章,且语法错误较多;所写的内容单一,缺乏想象力;所用的句型和词汇还停留在初中的水平,不敢大胆地使用新学的知识;忽视对习作的修改,也不重视教师的批改。
【教学目标】结合教材的写作模式,完成一份介绍自己家乡的小册子
【教学案例】M6 U3 project Making a reference book
Step1 Lead in:A culture quiz Which country is this?
1.People in this country celebrate the Spring Festival and eat dumpling as the typical food.
2.There are 50 states in the country. Rose is the national flower .
New York City is its largest city.
3. The country is famous for The Tower of London , Big Ben and many other places of interest. The country will host the Olympic Games in 2012.
4. The country is called ‘the country of tulips’ and also ‘the country of windmills’.
5. Many countries have the festival of carnival(狂欢节). In which country is the celebration of carnival most famous?
Step2 Reading
Task1: Scan the four tours and answer:
In which countries do these ethnic groups live?
Task2: Careful reading
Fill in each blank within three words.
Ethnic group 1.____ Food2. ______ Specific events Inuit Canada Animals,3. ______ Animal spirits Join in 4. ______ake unusual pieces of jewellery AboriginesAustralia food from the bush like lizards and snakes5. ______ See Aboriginal ceremonies Learn about strange 6. ______ and weaponsMaoris 7. _____ fish and sweet potatoes Many gods Visit a traditional meeting house 8. ______American Indians The USA buffaloes roasted over an open fire The Great Spirit 9.______the Sun DanceWatch a 10.______ competitionAnswer the following questions:
1. What is the purpose of those tours?(回答词数不超过14个词)
2. What is the main idea of “Tour 1”? (回答词数不超过10个词)
3. What is the characteristic of Polynesian culture?
(回答词数不超过 10个词)
Step 3: Discussion
Task1: Discussion: What topics should be mentioned when introducing a country according to the passage ?
Location; belief; places of interest; beautiful scenery; people and the life of people; history and culture; food
Task2: Discussion: Find out as many useful words and expressions for a reference book as possible.
Brainstorming:Location: be located in/at ; lie in /on/at;
Belief: believe in ; It is believed that; hold the view
Places of interest: be famous for; a feast for the eyes;
beautifulscenery;behome to ;attractivePeople and the life of people:hardworking; friendly; warmheartedtake part in; make a living by; lead a … life; History and culture: celebrate festivals; date back to; long historyin celebration of Food: fast food; traditional food ; delicious; tasty
Task3 Group work:
Each group(4 students) work as a travel agency. Discuss and make a reference book about a one-day trip to our hometown by cooperation.
Then the group leader work as the tour guide to present your works.
For a tour guide:
Welcome to…
Let me introduce …
It’s a place where…
People are interested in the place because…
You can get the chance to…
…be well worth a visit
Thank you for your attention.
Step4 Presenting
Present your reference book to the class and judge which group is the best.
Possible samples: Hello, everyone! Welcome to Dali City, and I'm sure you will enjoy a pleasant journey here.
Located in the west of Yunnan Province, Dali enjoys a long and splendid history. With pleasant climate, Dali offers a comfortable home for a large variety of natural plants. So Dali earns such fame as "the city of Flower". Dali has been widely praised for its attraction in natural beauty . Numerous ancient temples and towers are the proof of creativity of the Dali people.There will be more excitements waiting for you.
Thank you for your attention.
【案例分析】首先阅读教材内容,结合高考湖南卷的阅读填空和阅读简答题,使学生对这一话题整体理解,了解文章的写作框架,理解写作特点。在此基础上,设计一个与单元话题相关的真实情境下的英语活动----以导游的身份介绍自己的家乡。教学中讨论了介绍一个地方所包含的不同方面以及可能要用到的短语和句型,为完成介绍家乡的活动做了有力的铺垫。
讨论活动紧密结合教材阅读材料进行。例如学生在阅读材料中挖掘有用的短语和句型。讨论后分组展示出来。接着分组展开介绍家乡的准备活动,制作和展示一个家乡一日游的旅行手册。
【案例反思】
1.在建构知识这座大厦的过程中,老师这座“支架”是建设的基础,并引导学生进入学习状态、主动掌握和思考学习内容,从而使学生自己挖掘出自身的潜能。教师应为学生的讨论环节设计各种铺垫,使每个学生都主动积极地开口说英语。一堂好课的标准是学生是否学有收获,收获有多少。所以教师根据学生讨论的话题设计一个写作活动,将讨论和拓展的知识通过学生的反思沉淀在大脑中,并运用于完成一个真实情境的写作任务,真正达到大量的输入和有效的输出,学以致用,充分体现了英语学习的实践性原则。
2.教学设计应紧密结合学生的兴趣和认知特点,活动应紧密围绕学生的生活和学习实际,学生才会有话可说,有话想说。创设一个真实的情景,设计一个真实的任务,完成任务的过程就是灵活运用知识的过程。
3.学生通过小组讨论,分工合作,充分体验了学习的过程,培养了团队合作精神。在介绍家乡的过程中,激发了学生热爱家乡的情感。