还原法解“介词+关系代词”类考题

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“介词+关系代词”型定语从句既是历届高考热点，也是语法难点。此类定语从句结构复杂，语序、句意还原难度大，致使不少考生频频出错，难以应对。解答此类考题，利用“还原法”可谓事半功倍。

一、语序还原法

部分此类考题需把定语从句和先行词的语序进行适当调整，调整后的句子便于分析先行词“逻辑上”在定语从句中作何成分，同时有利于快速整合句意。

例1 September 30 is the day _____ which you must pay your bill.

A. by B. for C. with D. in

解析：本题答案是A。调整后的语序为“you must pay your bill _____ September 30”。句意为“你必须最迟在9月30日之前结账”，9月30日为最后期限，by有“到……为止，不迟于”之意，符合题意。by which相当于when，在定语从句中作时间状语。

例2 He wrote a letter，_____ he explained what had happened in the accident.

A. in what B. in it C. in which D. in that

解析：本题答案是C。调整后的语序为“he explained what had happened in the accident in a letter”。句意为“他写了一封信，在信里他解释了事故中发生的事情”。此处的which代指letter，in which相当于where，在从句中作地点状语。

二、搭配还原法

在调整语序的基础上，将定语从句中与先行词相关的句子成分的搭配进行还原，将句意理顺，答案即可水落石出。

例3 The person _____ you told me the day before yesterday proved a famous writer later.

A. with whom B. about whom

C. of whom D. over whom

解析：本题答案是B。可将从句调整为“you told me _____ the person the day before yesterday”，显然此处用about合适。tell的习惯搭配有tell sb. to do sth. / tell sb. sth. / tell sb. about sth.，因此答案是B。

例4 Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives _____ you received gifts？

A. from which B. of them

C. of those D. from whom

解析：本题答案是D。将从句还原为“you received gifts from the relatives”可知，答案是D。

三、语法还原法

部分此类考题在语序调整的同时，将语法理顺即可锁定答案。

例5 The old lady，_____ had been killed in the war，was given help by the local government.

A. all her children B. all of whose children

C. all of her children D. whose all children

解析：本题答案是B。句意为“这个所有孩子都死于战争的老妇人被当地政府给予帮助”。the old lady与从句主语children是逻辑上的“所属”关系，引导词用whose。

例6 The children，_____ had played the whole day，were worn out.

A. all of what B. all of which

C. all of them D. all of whom

解析：本题答案是D。从句的引导词代指children，在从句中作主语，且在介词of之后，因此用whom。

四、句意还原法

在还原句意时，首先将语序调整，句子成分复位，然后搭配还原，语法正确，句意才能准确无误。搭配还原与句意还原应相互兼顾，双管齐下，问题即可迎刃而解。

例7 He may win the competition，_____ he is likely to get into the national team.

A. in which case B. in that case

C. in what case D. in whose case

解析：本题答案是A。句意为“他或许能赢得这场比赛，假若这样的话，他很可能进了国家队”。“假若这样的话”可译为in this case，in which case在定语从句中作条件状语。

例8 I wish to thank Professor Smith，without _____ help I would never have got this far.

A. who B. whose C. whom D. which

解析：本题答案是B。句意为“我想感谢史密斯教授，如果没有他的帮助，我不可能走这么远”。Professor Smith与help是“所属”关系，因此用whose。

考生要想掌握好“介词+关系代词”型定语从句的用法，日常学习时首先要加强“不及物动词+介词”用法的积累与运用。其次，要运用该类语法的解题技巧进行足量的专项训练，理清解题思路，形成解题技巧。再次，要深入分析，综合解答此类考题，还原语序，还原搭配，还原句意，梯度进行。这样不仅可以轻松应对此类考题，还可以提升长难句分析突破能力和英译汉能力，可谓事半功倍，一举多得。

巩固练习

1. Jack was eager to have his own study，_____ to do some reading by himself.

A. of which B. in which

C. with which D. for which

2. Learning another language is like stepping out of a door，_____ I can look back and see more clearly my own language.

A. through which B. from which

C. by which D. on which

3. We saw him two years ago，_____ we haven’t heard anything of him.

A. since then B. since when

C. since which D. from when

4. To be honest，I don’t like the means _____ he deals with such things.

A. with which B. by which

C. from which D. in which

5. The cause _____ the fire broke out in the building was the building workers’carelessness.

A. of which B. for which

C. in which D. because

6. I will finish my college school life soon，_____ I’ll enter a foreign organization for further study.

A. after which B. after that

C. in which D. after it

7. Many children，_____ parents are working in big cities，feel lonely and helpless.

A. their B. whose

C. of which D. without whom

8. The rich，for _____ money was not a problem，wanted to stay at an expensive hotel.

A. their B. his C. whose D. whom

参考答案：1～4 BACB 5～8 AABD

（责任编校？筑彭益）