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替吉奥联合康艾注射液治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床效果

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[摘要] 目的 比较替吉奥联合康艾注射液与多西他赛治疗晚期小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的临床效果和安全性。 方法 回顾性分析了河北港口集团有限公司港口医院2010年1月~2015年3月96例经一线和/或二线化疗失败的晚期NSCLC患者采用区组随机化法分为联合康艾注射液组(A组)和多西他赛组(B组),每组48例。A组:替吉奥80 mg/(m2・d),分2次口服,康艾注射液60 mL,静滴qd,d1-14,B组:多西他赛75 mg/m2,静滴d1,21 d为一个周期。 结果 两组的中位总生存(OS)分别为9.5个月和10.0个月,中位无进展生存(PFS)分别为2.8个月和4.2个月;两组的客观缓解率(ORR)分别为6.25%和8.33%,疾病控制率(DCR)分别为39.58%和43.75%。差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。A组在血液学毒性、恶心呕吐、乏力、感染性发热等方面的不良反应明显低于B组(P < 0.05)。 结论 替吉奥联合康艾注射液与多西他赛治疗晚期NSCLC的效果相当,但毒副作用较低,耐受性更好,适用于晚期NSCLC的临床治疗。

[关键词] 替吉奥;康艾注射液;多西他赛;晚期非小细胞肺癌

[中图分类号] R734.2 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2016)05(a)-0125-04

[Abstract] Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of S\1 plus Kang'ai injection and docetaxel in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods 96 patients with the failure of one or more regimens of systemic chemotherapy in Hebei Port Holdings Limited Port Hospital from January 2010 to March 2015 were retrospectively studied and divided into S-1 plus Kang'ai Injection group (group A) and Docetaxel group (group B) by block randomization, with 48 cases in each group. group A: received oral S-1 (80 mg/m2) in two divided doses daily and Kang'ai injection (60 mL/d) as an iv infusion, qd, on days 1C14; group B: received docetaxel (75 mg/m2) intravenously on day 1. Repeated every 21 days. Results The median OS of two groups were 9.5 months and 10.0 months, and the median PFS of two groups were 2.8 months and 4.2 months respectively. The ORR of two groups were 6.25% and 8.33%, and the DCR of two groups were 39.58% and 43.75% respectively. The difference was not statistically significant. The adverse reactions of group A in hematological toxicity, nausea, vomiting, fatigue and infectious fever were significantly lower than those of group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion Clinical effectiveness of S-1 plus Kang'ai injection and docetaxel in the treatment of advanced NSCLC is equal, but the toxicity is lower, and the tolerance is better, and it is suitable for the clinical treatment of advanced NSCLC.

[Key words] S-I; Kang'ai Injection; Docetaxel; Advanced non-small cell lung cancer

肺癌是世界最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)占肺癌总数的85%,是最为常见的肺癌[1]。本项目旨在针对一线和/或二线化疗失败的晚期NSCLC患者,分析对比了替吉奥联合康艾注射液与单药多西他赛对其治疗的临床效果与安全性,以期探索这一中西医结合治疗的新模式与常规化疗相比较是否具有优越性。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选取2010年1月~2015年3月河北港口集团有限公司港口医院肿瘤内科确诊的晚期NSCLC患者96例。入选病例病灶为可评估、可测量病灶;所有患者接受过标准的一线和/或二线化疗(未接受过紫杉类抗癌药物化疗),病情进展,行为状态(KPS)评分≥70分,且与末次化疗间隔时间至少1个月;预计生存期大于3个月;无严重的脏器功能损害;其基线血常规、尿便常规、肝肾功能及心电图等检查均符合化疗适应证。将96例患者采用区组随机化方法分为2组,分别为替吉奥联合康艾注射液组(A组)和多西他赛组(B组),每组各48例。患者一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),具有可比性。见表1。

1.2 治疗方案

A组:替吉奥(山东新时代药业有限公司生产,批准文号:国药准字H20080802)按80 mg/(m2・d)计算给药剂量,分2次于早、晚饭后口服,具体给药剂量依据患者的体表面积(body surface area,BSA)而定,即BSA

1.3 疗效及不良反应评价

每化疗2周期后在1周内进行近期疗效和不良反应评价,以程度最高者计为最终结果。近期疗效评价按照实体瘤治疗效果评价(RECIST)标准,分为完全缓解(complete response,CR)、部分缓解(partial response,PR)、疾病稳定(stable disease,SD)、和疾病进展(progressive disease,PD)。不良反应评价按WHO制订的抗肿瘤药物毒副反应的分度标准分为0~Ⅳ度[2]。

1.4 研究终点

本研究的主要研究终点是患者的总生存(overall survival,OS),次要研究终点是无进展生存(progressionCfree survival,PFS)、客观缓解率(objective response rate,ORR)和疾病控制率(disease control rate,DCR)及不良反应分析。OS为从化疗开始至死亡或随访截止时间,PFS为化疗开始至疾病进展时间,以CR+PR所占比例表示ORR,以CR+PR+SD所占的比例表示疾病控制率(DCR)。

1.5 统计学方法

采用SPSS 22.0软件对收集的数据进行分析,计数资料及组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法,计量资料采用非参数秩和检验(Kruskal-Wallis H检验),生存分析采用KaplanCMeier曲线,生存比较采用log-rank检验,以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 疗效分析

2.1.1 OS 截止到2015年10月,96例晚期NSCLC患者通过随访共有79例确定死亡,10例失访。A组中位OS为9.5个月,95%可信区间(confidence interval,CI)为8.046~10.954个月。B组的中位OS为10.0个月,95%CI为8.556~11.444个月。两组比较差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),生存曲线见图1a。

2.1.2 PFS A组的中位PFS为2.8个月,95%CI为1.866~3.734个月,B组的中位PFS为4.2个月,95%CI为3.414~4.986个月,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),生存曲线见图1b。

2.1.3 近期疗效 A组平均化疗4.52个周期,B组平均化疗4.92个周期。两组患者的ORR分别为6.25%和8.33%(P > 0.05),DCR分别为39.58%和43.75%(P > 0.05),见表2。对65岁以上的老年患者进一步分析得出两组的ORR分别为7.41%和4.35%(P > 0.05),DCR分别为51.85%和30.43%(P > 0.05)。见表3。

2.2 不良反应分析

研究主要比较A组与B组血液学毒性和非血液学毒性,多数不良反应为Ⅰ~Ⅱ度,Ⅲ度以上者见于血液学毒性、血转氨酶升高、恶心呕吐、腹泻、便秘及感染性发热等方面。A组在血液学毒性、恶心呕吐、乏力、感染性发热等方面的不良反应显著低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表4。

3 讨论

研究表明,大多数NSCLC在确诊时已是中晚期,治疗以全身化疗为主[3],一线化疗方案常为以铂为基础的联合化疗[4-5],由于一线化疗药物不可避免地要产生耐药性,绝大多数患者需接受后续的治疗。目前二、三线治疗药物多为多西他赛、培美曲塞或口服靶向药物[6-9]。分子靶向治疗显著提高了靶基因突变患者的生活质量和预后,是目前临床研究的热点,然而大多数患者在治疗后9~10个月会出现疾病进展,仍需细胞毒性药物进行后续治疗[10]。因此,化疗方案的改进仍是临床研究的重要课题。人们一直尝试将其他的抗肿瘤药物应用于晚期NSCLC二、三线治疗中,替吉奥就是其中之一[11-13],一些临床试验已证实了单药替吉奥用于晚期NSCLC治疗的有效性及安全性[14-15]。康艾注射液应用于抗肿瘤治疗中,具有保护造血功能,提高免疫力,减少胃肠道反应和其他全身症状发生的作用[16]。

本研究得出两组患者的中位OS、PFS、ORR和DCR与大部分的临床试验数据相接近[17-20],两组近期及远期疗效间比较差异无统计学意义,说明两组药物的临床疗效相当,证实了替吉奥联合康艾注射液治疗晚期NSCLC的可行性。同时,对65岁以上的老年患者进一步分析中看出A组ORR及DCR明显高于B组,但由于病例数有限,差异无统计学意义,值得在今后的临床试验中增加样本量进一步验证。在不良反应方面,A组患者未观察到Ⅳ度不良反应,Ⅲ度不良反应发生率亦处于较低水平[中性粒细胞减少(1/48)、贫血(1/48)、恶心呕吐(1/48)、腹泻(2/48)、感染性发热(1/48)]。而B组患者中Ⅳ度不良反应见于中性粒细胞减少(4/48)、恶心呕吐(1/48)等方面,且Ⅲ度不良反应发生率相对较高[中性粒细胞减少(11/48)、贫血(2/48)、血小板减少(2/48)、血转氨酶升高(1/48)、恶心呕吐(4/48)、腹泻(2/48)、便秘(1/48)、感染性发热(3/48)]。并且两组在血液学毒性、恶心呕吐、乏力、感染性发热等方面比较差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。这一结果说明替吉奥联合康艾注射液相对于多西他赛毒副作用更低、安全性更高、患者耐受性更好,体现出一定优越性。

综上所述,本研究发现,替吉奥联合康艾注射液在晚期NSCLC患者中的应用价值很高,尤其可使大部分身体状况欠佳,恐不能耐受常规化疗药物的老年患者受益,是值得进一步推广的临床治疗新方案。

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(收稿日期:2016-01-13 本文编辑:赵鲁枫)