屠呦呦获诺贝尔医学奖

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屠呦呦成为首位获得诺贝尔科学奖的中国公民，让国人感到自豪。然而舆论却并不是一面倒的赞誉。有些人质疑奖项只颁发给屠呦呦一人，这对团队其他成员是否公平呢？显然，屠呦呦获诺贝尔奖引发的争议折射出了中西方评奖的文化冲突。

Tu Youyou， an 84-year-old woman scientist， became the first Chinese citizen to win a Nobel Prize in science on Oct. 5， 2015. While the news has made the Chinese people have national pride， it has also highlighted1 differences in prize-awarding practices between China and the world.

2015年10月5日，84岁的女科学家屠呦呦成为第一位获得诺贝尔科学类奖项的中国公民。她获奖的消息让中国人充满了民族自豪感，也将中外评奖标准的差异推向了舆论的中心。

Tu， a researcher at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine， shared the 2015 Nobel Prize for Medicine with Irish-born William Campbell and Satoshi Omura of Japan for unlocking revolutionary2 treatments for parasitic3 diseases. Campbell and Omura were honored for their treatment used to against roundworms， while Tu came up with a new drug for malaria4.

屠呦呦，中国中医科学院（China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine）研究员，同爱尔兰科学家威廉・坎贝尔和日本科学家大村智一起获得了2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，以表彰他们在寄生虫疾病治疗研究方面取得的开创性成就。坎贝尔和大村发现了有效治疗线虫的药物，而屠呦呦则创制了新型抗疟疾药物。

Tu conducted research in the 1970s that led to the discovery of artemisinin5， a drug that has considerably6 cut the number of malaria deaths and saved millions of lives. The treatment is based on a herb7 used in Chinese traditional medicine， called sweet wormwood8. Artemisinin-based drugs are now the standard treatment for malaria.

20世纪70年代，屠呦呦就开始进行（抗疟疾药物）研究，最终发现了青蒿素。青蒿素大幅度地降低了疟疾患者的死亡率，拯救了千百万人的生命。这种疟疾疗法是由中医草药――青蒿而来。目前，使用青蒿素复方药物已经成为治疗疟疾的标准疗法。

When news broke that Tu was being awarded the prize， there were cheers as well as doubts. Some said the achievement was the result of collective efforts by lots of Chinese scientists， so it is unfair to award the prize only to Tu， China Youth Daily reported.

当屠呦呦获奖的消息被报道后，有人欢呼，也有人质疑。《中国青年报》报道：有人认为青蒿素的发现是大批中国科学家集体努力的成果，而诺奖却只颁给了屠呦呦，这显然不公平。

Indeed， domestic9 science awards are mainly presented to projects， instead of individual10 scientists， the newspaper pointed out.

该报还指出：国内的科学奖项确实主要都是颁给科研项目而非科学家个人。

But Western awards tend to honor individual scientists who are the first to come up with a new idea or method， said Li Zhenzhen， a researcher with the China Academy of Sciences. “The West believes that the progress of science originates11 from individuals’ creative minds，” added Li.

中国科学院（China Academy of Sciences）研究员李真真告诉记者，西方奖项更倾向于将荣誉授予第一个提出某个新理念或新方法的科学家。李真真还补充道：“西方科学界认为科学的进步缘起于个人的独创性思想。”

Tu got the award for three “firsts”. She was the first to bring artemisinin to her project team， the first to extract12 a form of artemisinin that can altogether inhibit13 malaria， and the first to complete a clinical trial14， according to Zhang Boli， director of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.

屠呦呦获奖因为她的三个“第一”。中国中医科学院院长张伯礼院士说，屠呦呦是第一个把青蒿素带到项目组的人；她也第一个提取出有100%抑制力的青蒿素；她还是第一个做临床实验的人。

“Awarding prizes to scientists with creative ideas is the source of national innovation15，” Li suggested. “The key is to create fair rules to find the most convincing16 person.”

李真真认为：“奖励提出原创思想的科学家才是国家创新的源泉，关键是设定合理规则选出让人信服的那一个人。”