首页 > 范文大全 > 正文

如影随形的细菌云

开篇:润墨网以专业的文秘视角,为您筛选了一篇如影随形的细菌云范文,如需获取更多写作素材,在线客服老师一对一协助。欢迎您的阅读与分享!

关于细菌又有新研究了!美国俄勒冈大学的研究人员通过实验证明每个人身上的微生物群每时每刻都在向周遭的空气散发数百万细菌,这是人类所拥有的独特的“微生物云签名”。这可不仅仅是个性签名那么简单。想一想,这种如同指纹一样独一无二的细菌云在案件侦查方面将会起到至关重要的作用。思维缜密的罪犯或许可以擦掉留在犯罪现场的指纹,但这细菌云却是抹不掉的。罪犯们,颤抖吧!

Wherever You Go, Your Personal Cloud of Microbes Follows

Kelly McEvers (Host): You can’t see it, but every one of us is walking around in a cloud, a cloud formed by millions of 1)microorganisms 2)spewing from our bodies. That is the conclusion of a study released today. NPR health correspondent Rob Stein reports the findings could lead to new ways to understand and use the microbiomes that live in and around each of us.

Rob Stein (Byline): A lot of people probably know this character, from the cartoon, Peanuts.

(Soundbite of Film, Happiness Is a Warm Blanket, Charlie Brown)

Ciara Bravo: (As Patty) Pigpen, you’re a disgrace.

Stein: Pigpen’s the little kid who walks around in a cloud of dirt whose friends, like Violet, are always giving him grief.

(Soundbite of Film, Happiness Is a Warm Blanket, Charlie Brown)

Shane Baumel: (As Pigpen) What’s the matter?

Blesst Bowden: (As Violet) What’s the matter, he asks? You’re a mess when you eat, a mess when you play and a mess when you’re just standing still.

James Meadow: Yeah, it turns out that that kid is all of us.

Stein: James Meadow led the new research at the University of Oregon.

Meadow: It’s just a 3)microscopic, invisible cloud that’s really hard to see.

Stein: Because our clouds aren’t dirt, they’re microscopic bacteria and other organisms. You see, we all carry around millions of microorganisms―bacteria, 4)fungi, viruses. Most of them aren’t dangerous. In fact, they help us in lots of ways. Scientists call this our microbiome.

Meadow: A lot of recent work on the human microbiome has revealed that we’re kind of spilling our microbiome all over our houses and our offices and the people around us.

Stein: By touching them, sharing objects, beds. But Meadow and his colleagues wanted to see if we’re also spewing our microbial companions into the air around us. So they studied the air around 11 volunteers as they sat alone, one by one, in a special sealed booth for four hours.

Meadow: And the results really surprised us.

Stein: Not only could they clearly detect 5)plumes containing thousands of different types of bacteria, they could tell all sorts of things from the clouds, like whether they came from a man or a woman. And they realized each person’s cloud is sort of like a 6)fingerprint.

Meadow: We each give off a slightly different cocktail of those bacteria. There’s just really subtle differences, and you can tell that different people give off a slightly different cocktail. We could actually tell people apart.

Stein: Meadow says this raises all kinds of possibilities, like someday maybe being able to identify a murder suspect by reading the microbial cloud he or she left behind at the scene of a crime.

Meadow: You know, there’s a lot of reasons why we might want to know if some 7)nefarious character’s been in the certain room in the last few hours, and maybe there’s a way to use microbes for that.

Stein: Other scientists agree. Rob Knight studies the microbiome at the University of California, San Diego.

Rob Knight: What’s exciting about this is, in addition to showing that we leave microbes behind on surfaces we touch, this also shows that we release our personal microbes into the air of the spaces we inhabit.

Stein: The research could also explain how we get our microbes in the first place.

Knight: We know that if you live with people, and even if you just work with people, your microbial community has come to resemble theirs. And in the past, we mostly thought that that was due to touch. It may be just that you’re releasing microbes into the air and some of those microbes are colonizing the people you’re with.

Stein: Knight thinks we’ve just begun to understand what our microbes could tell us.

Knight: We’re finding out that our microbes have a tremendous amount of data in them, right? And if you think about that as a data recording device that we’re just beginning to read out now, your microbes may contain a tremendous amount of information about where you’ve been, who you’ve been in contact with and so forth.

Stein: So Pigpen may not have been so far off after all.

(Soundbite of Film, Happiness Is a Warm Blanket, Charlie Brown)

Baumel: (As Pigpen) Sort of makes you want to treat me with more respect, doesn’t it?

(Soundbite of Film, Happiness Is a Warm Blanket, Charlie Brown)

凯莉・麦克弗斯(主持人):我们当中的每个人都走在一团云状物中,尽管你不能看见它。这团云状物是由数百万从我们身体里喷涌而出的微生物形成的。那是今天(编者注:文中的今天指2015年9月22日)的一个研究结果。美国国家公共电台健康频道的通讯记者罗布・斯坦报道称,这个研究结果可以使我们获得认识和利用生活在我们体内或我们周围的菌群的新方法。

罗布・斯坦(撰稿人):很多人可能会从《花生漫画》(注:《花生漫画》是一部长篇连载的美国漫画,作者为查尔斯・舒尔茨。漫画的主人公为查理・布朗,以及其饲养的米格鲁猎兔犬史努比。后来,该漫画还出现了诸如露茜、莱纳斯、乒乓、莎莉・布朗等知名的个性角色)里认识这个角色。

(电影《幸福是一条温暖的毛毯》片段)

西娅拉・布拉沃:(帕蒂的配音员)乒乓,你真丢人。

斯坦:乒乓是一个小孩子,他走在一团灰尘中,他的朋友们,比如说维奥莉特,总是在指责他。

(电影《幸福是一条温暖的毛毯》片段)

沙恩・鲍梅尔:(乒乓的配音员)怎么了?

布莱斯特・鲍登:(维奥莱特的配音员)怎么了?他竟然问怎么了。你吃饭的时候是一团糟,玩的时候是一团糟,就连你站着不动的时候也是一团糟。

詹姆斯・梅多:是的,事实是那个孩子就是我们大家。

斯坦:来自俄勒冈大学的詹姆斯・梅多引领着这项新的研究。

梅多:这是一团微观的,无形的,真的很难看见的云状物。

斯坦:因为我们的云状物不是灰尘,而是微观的细菌和其他微生物。你知道的,我们都带有数百万微生物――细菌、真菌、病毒。这些微生物大多数都是无害的。事实上,它们在很多方面对我们有帮助。科学家把它们称为我们的菌群。

梅多:最近,很多关于人类菌群的实验揭示我们在某种程度上把我们的菌群到处散发到我们的家里、办公室里和我们周围的人身上。

斯坦:通过接触它们,共用物品、床(等方式)。但是梅多和他的同事想要知道我们是否也把我们的微生物同伴喷到我们周围的空气中。所以他们找来11名志愿者,让他们一个接一个地在一个特别的密封隔间里独自坐四小时,然后研究他们周围的空气。

梅多:实验结果真的令人吃惊。

斯坦:他们不仅能很明显地检测到包含有数千种不同细菌的“云雾”,还能从这些云状物里区分出各种东西,比如说它们是来自男的还是女的。他们还了解到每个人的云状物在某种程度上都像一个指纹。

梅多:我们每个人都会释放出稍微不同的细菌混合物。这些差异真的很细微。你可以辨别出不同的人释放出稍微不同的混合物。事实上,我们可以把人们区别开来。

斯坦:梅多说这激发了各种可能性,比如说将来某天(我们)可能做到识别一个杀人嫌疑犯,通过分析他或她在犯罪现场留下的微生物云团。

梅多:你知道的,有很多原因可以解释我们可能想知道一些邪恶的人是否在过去几个小时里曾在一间特定的房间待过,或许利用菌群是一种解决方法。

斯坦:其他科学家也同意这种说法。来自加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校的罗布・奈特是菌群的研究人员。

罗布・奈特:关于这很令人激动的是,除了表明我们在接触过的物体表面留下微生物外,还表明了我们也释放个人的微生物到所居住地方的空气里。

斯坦:这项实验也解释了我们从一开始是怎样获得这些微生物的。

奈特:我们了解到如果你和某些人住在一起,甚至仅仅是和某些人一起工作,你的微生物群会变得和他们的很相似。在过去,大多数人认为这归结于接触。(但现在我们认为)这可能是因为你释放微生物到空气里,而其中的一些微生物转移到和你在一起的人身上。

斯坦:奈特认为我们刚刚开始认识到我们的微生物能告诉我们什么。

奈特:我们发现我们的微生物包含有数量惊人的数据,对吧?如果你把这看作是数据记录仪,我们正从中读取数据,你的微生物有可能会包含非常多的信息,这些信息包括你曾去过的地方、你接触过的人等等。

斯坦:这样的话,(成为)乒乓也许终究不那么遥远。

(电影《幸福是一条温暖的毛毯》片段)

鲍梅尔:(乒乓的配音员)这多少可以让你们想要尊重一下我,不是吗?

(电影《幸福是一条温暖的毛毯》片段)