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反意疑问句提出情况或看法,希望对方来证实。这种问句常由两部分组成:陈述句和附加疑问句。一般来说,附加疑问句的动词时态、主语应和陈述部分的谓语动词时态、主语相一致。但还须注意以下几点:
1. 如果陈述句用肯定式,附加疑问句用否定式;陈述句用否定式,附加疑问句就用肯定式。如:
It’s very cold today, isn’t it?
She isn’t going to the meeting, is she?
2. 当陈述部分以I’m开头时,因am not没有缩写形式,故附加疑问句应用aren’t I或am I not。如:
I’m in Class 3, Grade 1, aren’t I( am I not)?
3. 当陈述部分是there be结构时,附加疑问句仍用there be。如:
There is an apple on the tree, isn’t there?
4. 当陈述部分带有否定词、半否定词few, little, nobody, nothing, never, hardly, seldom, no one等词时,附加疑问句应用肯定形式。如:
We’ve never been there before, have we?
There’s nobody there, is there?
5. 当陈述部分是感叹句时,附加疑问句要根据陈述部分的主语和谓语来用恰当的形式。如:
What a funny film, isn’t it?
How slowly she walks, doesn’t she?
6. 在“祈使句+附加疑问句”的结构中,附加疑问句一般用will you, won’t you, would you, shall we等。如:
Throw it like this, will you?
Don’t play in the street, will you?
Let’s go home, shall we?(包括说话人在内)
Let us draw on the blackboard, will you?(不包括说话人在内)
7. 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this, that时,附加疑问句的主语应为it。若指示代词是these, those时,附加疑问句的主语应为they。如:
This is my pen, isn’t it?
Those are our desks, aren’t they?
8. 当陈述部分的主语是everyone, anyone, no one, someone, nobody等不定代词时,附加疑问句的主语通常用they。如:
Everyone is here, aren’t they?
9. 当陈述部分的主语是everything, nothing, anything等词时,附加疑问句的主语应为it。如:
Everything begins to grow in spring, doesn’t it?
10. 当陈述部分的主语是“each of + 名词”时,如果表示个体,附加疑问句的主语用单数。如果表示整体,附加疑问句的主语用复数。如:
Each of the girls went there, didn’t she?
Each of us has an English book, don’t we?
11. 当陈述部分的主语是不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句时,附加疑问句的主语用it。如:
To learn math well isn’t easy, is it?
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes, isn’t it?
What you need is practice, isn’t it?
12. 当陈述部分带有表示“拥有”含义的动词have(has)时,附加疑问句可用have(has)也可用助动词do(does)。但如果陈述部分为否定句时,附加疑问句的动词形式取决于陈述部分的动词形式。如:
I have a pencil-box, haven’t (doesn’t) I?
She has a ruler, hasn’t (doesn’t) she?
I don’t have a ruler, do I?
13. 当have(has)不表示“拥有”的意义时,附加疑问句应用助动词do(does)。如:
They have their supper at home, don’t they?
Liu Ying has to help her mother with the cooking, doesn’t she?
14. 当must出现在陈述部分中时,如果must意为“必须”,附加疑问句应用must的适当形式。若果must表示推断或判断,附加疑问句则要用must之后的动词或助动词的适当形式。如:
We must finish the homework, mustn’t we?
She must be tired after the housework, isn’t she?
15. 当need,dare出现在陈述部分中时,如果它们作助动词,附加疑问句也要用这些词的适当形式。如果它们作一般动词,附加疑问句则要用助动词do(does)的适当形式。如:
You needn’t finish reading the book, need you?
She needs help, doesn’t she?
16. 当had better,would rather出现在陈述部分中时,附加疑问句可用情态动词had,would加主语,也可用助动词do(does)加主语。如:
I had better go to school now, hadn’t(don’t) I?
She would rather go to the zoo, wouldn’t (doesn’t)she?
17. 当陈述部分的谓语动词是wish时,附加疑问句要用may的肯定形式,且附加疑问句的主语要与wish的主语一致。如:
I wish my son could fly to the moon in a spaceship one day, may I?
18. 当陈述部分含有too...to...结构,意为“太……以至不能……”时,附加疑问句要用肯定形式。如:
It’s too dangerous to cross, is it?
19. 当陈述部分的主语用both... and..., neither...nor...连接时,附加疑问句的主语应用复数形式。如:
Both Mike and I are students, aren’t we?
Neither you nor I am wrong, are we?
20. 当陈述部分是带that从句的主从复合句时,附加疑问句的主语一般应与主句主语保持对应关系。如:
He says that we can come between 8:00 and 9:00 on Wednesday, doesn’t he?
21. 当陈述部分的主句是I think, I believe, I guess, I suppose等结构时,附加疑问句的主语往往与从句的主语保持一致,并要注意否定转移。如:
I think he is a doctor, isn’t he?
I don’t think she is a nurse, is she?
22. 在回答反意疑问句时,如果答案是肯定的,前面要用Yes,否则用No。在陈述部分为否定句时要特别注意,这时英语回答与汉语回答是不一致的。如:
You’re not going out today, are you?(你今天不出去,是吧?)
No, I am not.(是的,我今天不出去。)
Yes, I am.(不,我今天出去。)
考点练习:单项选择
1. At the meeting Mr King didn’t say a word from beginning to end, ?(2008广东省广州市)
A. didn’t Mr King
B. did he
C. did Mr King
D. didn’t he
2. Mom, my grandfather goes for a walk after supper everyday, ?(2009山东威海市)
A. does he
B. is he
C. doesn’t he
D. isn’t he
3. John, clean your room, ? (2009安徽芜湖市)
A. will you
B. shall we
C. don’t you
D. doesn’t he
4. —Meat isn’t really dangerous, is it?
—Oh! ! It’s not at all good for our health. (2010湖北荆州)
A. Yes, it isn’t
B. No, it is
C. Yes, it is
D. No; it isn’t
5. Alice had a wonderful time yesterday, ?(2010杭州市)
A. hadn’t she
B. wasn’t she
C. didn’t she
D. wouldn’t she
6. —He’s already back toAustralia, ?
?摇— . He is on a visit to Shanghai.(2010江苏常州市)
A. isn’t he; No
B. hasn’t he; Yes
C. isn’t he; Yes
D. hasn’t he; No
7. There is little milk in the glass, ?(2011福建泉州市)
A. is there B. isn’t there
C. isn’t it D. does it
8. —He didn’t go to the concert yesterday, did he?
— .He was busy studying for the tests all day.(2012湖北黄冈市)
A. No, he didn’t
B. Yes, he did
C. No, he did
D. Yes, he didn’t
9. Let’s visit the National Museum this weekend, ?(2012湖北随州市)
A. will you B. won’t we
C. don’t we D. shall we
10. She’s never spoken to a foreigner, ?
—Yes. She’s active and can speak English freely.(2012湖北孝感市)
A. is she B. has she
C. isn’t she D. hasn’t she
11. They can hardly speak English, ?(2012湖北黄石市)
A. can’t they
B. won’t they
C. can they
D. will they
12. People who eat a balanced diet should be healthier than those who only eat biscuits and hamburgers, ?(2012浙江省杭州市)
A. don’t they
B. do they
C. shouldn’t they
D. should they
13. —She has gone abroad, ?
—No. She is still teaching us English at our school now.(2012浙江省苏州市)
A. is she
B. isn’t she
C. has she
D. hasn’t she
14. Your brother often disagrees with you, he?
— . We often have different opinions.(2012年江苏无锡市)
A. does; Yes B. doesn’t; Yes
C. does; No D. doesn’t; No
15. —Rose, we will start at six tomorrow morning. Don’t be late, ?
— . I’ll be there on time.(2012深圳市)
A. won’t you; Yes, I will
B. will you; Yes, I will
C. will you; No, I won’t
D. won’t you; No, I won′t
Keys:1-5 B C A C C 6-10 A A A D B 11-15 C C D B B