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输尿管留置双J管后对患者生活质量的影响

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[摘要] 目的 探讨输尿管留置双J管后对患者生活质量影响。 方法 调查85例28~50岁患者留置双J管的情况。结果 80例(94.1%)出现膀胱刺激症状,51例(60.0%)出现肉眼血尿,尿失禁14例(16.4%),尿不尽22例(25.8%),发热、腰痛、脓尿伴膀胱刺激症状12例(14.1%),5例双J管脱出后症状缓解,障碍7例(8.2%)。 结论 输尿管留置双J管对患者生活质量影响较大,其中过度活动是置管后并发症增多的重要原因,所以术中应严格遵守留置双J管的指征。

[关键词] 输尿管;导管;留置;生活质量

[中图分类号] R693 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1674-4721(2012)07(b)-0230-02

The impact on patients' quality of life with indwelling double J ureteral stents

SUN Xingchun MAO Jie

Department of Urology, Yiliang People's Hospital in Yunnan Province, Yiliang 652100, China

[Abstract] Objective To assess the quality of life with the double J tube left in the ureter. Methods Eighty five patients were assessed by the specific questionnair in the age group between 28 and 50 stents with indwelling double J ureteral sents. Results Irritative symptoms of bladder occurred in 80 cases (94.1%), hematuria in 51 cases(60.0%), incontinence in 14 cases(16.4%), tenesmus in 22 cases (25.8%). And fever, waist-ache and bladder irritation with pyuria occurred in 12 cases (14.1%). While 5 patients were relieved after the downfall of the double-J tube. Besides, 7 cases (8.2%) of the patients were diagnosed with sexual dysfunction. Conclusion Double-J ureteral tube can exert a great impact on patients' quality of life for an important reason of over-activity, which causes severe complications after the indwelling of catheter. Thus, the indication of the indwelling double-J tube should be strictly observed.

[Key words] Ureter; Catheters; Indwelling; Quality of life

输尿管双J管置入自1978年Finney使用以来,迄今已经得到广泛应用,但它对患者生活质量的影响未引起足够重视。2009年12月~2010年12月,对留置双J管的85例患者进行随访,现报道如下:

1资料与方法

1.1一般资料

调查2009年12月~2010年12月,在本院留置双J管的年龄在28~50岁间的85例患者,其中,男55例,女30例;输尿管结石41例,经皮肾镜碎石取石术后置管26例,肾鹿角形结石、铸形结石取石置管4例,输尿管部分闭锁1例,输尿管狭窄11例(2例因置双J管困难而改置输尿管导管),输尿管开口肿瘤电切置管2例;置管时间5~65 d,平均(19.8±4.6) d,均采用国产。

1.2 方法

因患者均在我科行手术,拔管也在我科进行。出院时登记手术名称、拔管时间,留下联系方式。拔管时采用问卷调查,调查内容包含:(1)泌尿系症状,包括尿频、尿急、尿痛、尿不尽、尿失禁、活动对血尿的影响。(2)疼痛评分,亦即VAS评分,0~10分。轻微疼痛,可以忍受,不影响休息。4~6分,疼痛影响休息,应予一定处理,7~10分,疼痛难忍,影响工作、生活。(3)IPSS评分。(4)QOL评分,分为还可以,不太满意,很糟糕。

2结果

2.1泌尿系症状

在85例28~50岁患者中,80例(94.1%)出现泌尿系症状,其中肉眼血尿51例(60.0%)尿频58例(68.2%),尿急60例(70.5%),尿不尽22例(25.8%),尿失禁14例(16.4%),发热、腰痛、脓尿伴膀胱刺激症状12例(14.1%),障碍7例(8.2%),5例(5.8%)因双J管脱出后症状缓解。

2.2置管期间疼痛缓解评分

带管期间疼痛52例(61.2%),其中肋腰部疼痛27例(51.9%),下腹部疼痛25例(48.1%)。VAS 评分休息时为(2.4±2.2)分,运动时为(3.8±1.4)分,排尿时为(3.6±1.0)分,提示带管期间运动和排尿疼痛加重。

2.3 IPSS评分

轻度症状(0~7分)10例(11.7%),中度症状(8~19分)34例(40.0%),重度症状41例(48.2%),其中5例双J管脱出后症状缓解。