浅谈中考“词序、语序”考查热点

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词序､语序是中考的考点之一｡为帮助同学们学好､掌握好词序和语序,笔者以2005～2006年全国部分省市的中考试题为例,谈谈命题人是如何考查这部分内容的｡

[热点一] 考查 a, an 的位置

【试题精选】

Kunming is______ city that thousands of people visit it every day.

A. so a beautiful B. such beautiful

C. so beautiful D. such a beautiful(2005年兰州市)

Key: D

[考点剖析] 在表示“如此……以致……”之意时,常用“such a/an + 形容词+名词+ that 从句”或“so + 形容词 + a/an + 名词 + that 从句”｡

[热点二] 考查 enough 的位置

【试题精选】

① Don’t worry. She can look after your pet______.

A. careful enough B. enough careful

C. carefully enough D. enough carefully(2006年孝感市)

② ―You didn’t do your homework______ , Tom.

―I’m sorry , mum. But I haven’t got______for such things.

A. careful enough; enough time

B. enough careful; time enough

C. carefully enough; enough time

D. enough carefully; enough time(2006年滨州市)

③ The young man is______carry that heavy bag.

A. strong enough to B. enough strong to

C. not strong enough D. strong enough(2005年哈尔滨市)

④ I have______to tell you.

A. something good enough

B. something enough good

C. enough something good

D. good enough something(2005年桂林市)

Key: ① C② C③ A④ A

[考点剖析] enough 修饰副词或形容词时,一般位于被修饰的词之后; enough 修饰名词时,既可位于被修饰的词之前,也可位于被修饰的词之后｡另外,它也常常出现在“主语 + be /实义动词 + 形容词/副词 + enough + to do sth”等句式中｡

[热点三] 考查动词不定式中 not 的位置

【试题精选】

① There are some dangerous fishes in this river, and I’ve warned Jack______here.

A. not to swim B. to not swim

C. swim not to D. to swim not(2006年杭州市)

② The children should be told______the traffic rules.

A. to break B. break

C. not to break D. to not break(2006年沈阳市)

③ Yesterday morning I got up early______be late for the exam.

A. in order to B. in order to not

C. so as not to D. so as to(2005年甘肃省)

④ “Mr Zhu, you’d better______ too much meat. You are already over- weight, ”said the doctor.

A. not to eat B. to eat

C. not eat D. eat(2005年上海市)

Key: ① A② C③ C④ C

[考点剖析] 动词不定式的否定式由“not + to do sth”构成｡还要注意“had better(not) do sth”及“have/make/let sb(not) do sth”等结构中 not 的位置｡

[热点四] 考查后置定语和前置定语

【试题精选】

① Yesterday we had a lecture given by a______teacher.

A. well-mannered young school

B. young well-mannered school

C. well-mannered school young

D. school well-mannered young(2006年江苏省启东中学)

② I have to speak to my grandpa loudly because there’s______with his ears.

A. wrong something B. something wrong

C. anything wrong D. nothing wrong(2006年辽宁省)

③ Is there______in today’s newspaper?

A. anything interesting

B. interesting anything

C. something interesting

D. interesting something(2005年 广州市)

Key: ① A② B③ A

[考点剖析] 形容词作定语,一般置于被修饰的名词之前｡多个形容词修饰同一个名词,这些形容词应依下列顺序排列:限定词 + 描绘性的形容词 + 表示大小､形状的形容词 + 表示性质的形容词 + 表示颜色的形容词 + 表示长幼､新旧的形容词 + 表示国籍､地区､出处的形容词 + 表示物质､材料的形容词 + 表示用途､类别的形容词 + 被修饰的名词｡如: a beautiful small round old yellow French wood study 一个漂亮的､小巧玲珑的､呈圆形的､破旧的､黄色的､法国式的木质书房｡形容词修饰 something, nothing, anything, everything 等不定代词时,应将形容词置于这些不定代词之后｡

[热点五] 考查短语动词宾语的位置

【试题精选】

① ―James, your socks are on the chair. Please______ .

―OK, Mum.

A. put it away B. put away it

C. put them away D. put away them(2006年黄冈市)

② ―What’s the police station’s telephone number?

―I can’t remember.______in the telephone book, please.

A. Look it for B. Look it over

C. Look it up D. Look at it(2006年吉林省)

③ The radio is too loud. Will you please______ ?

A. turn it down B. turn it on

C. turn off it D. turn down it(2006年常德市)

④ Their telephone number is 7035678. Have you______ ?

A. written it down B. written down it

C. written them down D. written down them(2006年苏州市)

Key: ① C② C③ A④ A

[考点剖析] 由“动词 + 副词”构成的短语动词后面跟名词作宾语时,该宾语可位于副词之前,也可位于副词之后｡但这种短语动词的宾语是代词时,该宾语只能位于动词与副词之间｡

[热点六] 考查宾语从句中主语和谓语的顺序

【试题精选】

① ―Oh, sorry, I’m late. I couldn’t remember______ .

―That’s all right. Come on.

A. where is your house

B. where your house is

C. where was your house

D. where your house was(2006年临沂市)

② ―Could you tell me______ ?

―Yes. To take back my dictionary.

A. why did you come here

B. when do you come here

C. why you came here

D. when you come here(2006年南通市)

③ I don’t know______the day after tomorrow.

A. what he will do B. what will he do

C. what he did D. what did he do(2006年孝感市)

④ Could you tell me______ ? I want to post a letter.

A. where is the post office

B. where the post office is

C. how can I get to the cinema

D. how I can get to the cinema(2006年浙江省)

⑤ ―I wonder______ . ―Zebras.

A. what do they call these animals

B. how they call these animals

C. what they call these animals

D. how do they call these animals(2006年苏州市)

⑥ Would you please tell me______ ?

A. what was her name B. what her name was

C. what is her name D. what her name is(2006年资阳市)

⑦ Does anybody know if______ to Shenzhen in the morning next Saturday?

A. is there a flight B. there is a flight

C. there was a flight D. was there a flight(2006年沈阳市)

⑧―Which skirt do you think______, Madam?

―The red one.

A. your daughter would like

B. would you daughter like

C. does your daughter like

D. will your daughter like(2006年聊城市)

Key: ① D② C③ A④ B⑤ C⑥ D⑦ B⑧ A

[考点剖析] 在 what, which, who, when, where 等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句中,主语应放在谓语之前｡值得注意的是:“do you think/know/believe”等通常可以作为插入语置于主句中间,从句本身的主语和谓语应依陈述语序排列｡

[热点七] 考查 so/neither(nor) 位于句首时主语和谓语的位置

【试题精选】

① ―My daughter ate a lot of ice cream in school.

―Yes,______ .

A. so did she B. so she did

C. she did so D. so was she(2005年兰州市)

② ―David has made great progress recently.

―______, and______ .

A. So he has; so have you

B. So he has; so you have

C. So has he; so you have

D. So has he; so have you(2005年黄冈市)

③ ―Lily has not visited many places of great interest in China.

―______.

A. So has her twin sister

B. Neither is her twin sister

C. So her twin sister has

D. Neither has her twin sister(2006年济南市)

④ ―Would your younger brother go for a picnic this Sunday?

―If I don’t go,______ .

A. so does he B. so he will

C. neither will he D. neither does he(2005年南京市)

Key: ① B② A③ D④ C

[考点剖析] 在英语中,“so + 主语+ 助动词/系动词/情态动词”是表示同意对方所说的话;而“so + 助动词/系动词/情态动词 + 主语”是表示前面所说的情况也适合另外的人或物｡另外, neither/nor 表示否定意义,其结构为“neither/nor + 助动词/系动词/情态动词 + 主语”｡