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胃癌的病理特点

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[摘要] 目的:观察48例胃癌的好发部位、肉眼形态,大小及组织学类型,探讨其临床病理特点。方法:取胃壁肿瘤全层,癌旁黏膜及小于3 cm的病灶进行固定、包埋、组织切片、HE染色及组织学检查。结果:癌肿部位以胃窦部最多,占70.8%,肉眼形态以溃疡型最多,占79.2%(含局限溃疡型和浸润溃疡型)。小于3 cm的病灶大多为早期癌。结论:组织学类型与浸润深度及转移密切相关,并且随着肿瘤的进展,肿瘤细胞分化越来越差,浸润及转移率越来越高。胃癌与肠化生关系密切。

[关键词] 胃癌;病理特点

[中图分类号]R361[文献标识码]C [文章编号]1673-7210(2007)09(c)-146-02

Study on pathological character of gastric carcinoma

BA Ya-ping

(Department of Pathology Medicine,Women and Children Medical Care Center of Luoyang,Luoyang 471000,China)

[Abstract] Objective:To explore the pathological character of gastric carcinoma by observing predilection site,morphology and histolgical type in 48 samples.Methods: The samples were obtained from the whole layer of diseased regions,the mucosa around the tumor and lesions that were less than 3 cm.The samples were treated by fixation, embedding, section and HE staining for histology examination.Results:The mostly occurred site of carcinoma was the gastric antrum(70.8%),the majority types of gross examination was ulcerative type (79.2% )(infiltrative ulcerative type and localized ulcerative type were included).The tumor which was smaller than 3 cm was mostly at its early stage .Conclusion: The histological type closely relates with the infiltration and metastasis of gastric cancer. Rate of infiltration and metastasis increases with tumor progression rate.Gastric carcinoma closely relates with intestinal metaplasia.

[Key words] Gastric carcinoma; Patholgical character

胃癌是我国最常见的肿瘤之一,死亡的直接原因主要是肿瘤的扩散和转移,在胃癌的防治工作中,早发现早诊断早治疗是极为重要的措施。为此,我们对48例胃癌的临床病理资料进行观察分析,旨在探讨各期胃癌的病理特点,提高诊断率。

1 资料和方法

资料为我院2000~2004年间病理证实为胃癌的患者48例,其中男性29例,女性19例,年龄25~76岁,平均60.4岁。术前临床诊断胃癌者42例,可疑癌变者1例,良性溃疡5例。

2 结果

2.1 肉眼观察

癌肿部位以胃窦部最多,为34例,占70.8%;依次为贲门部5例,占10.4%;胃体部4例,占8.35%;广泛性3例,占6.3%。类型以溃疡型最多(含局限溃疡型和浸润溃疡型)38例,占79.2%;蕈伞型(含盘状蕈伞型和结节蕈伞型)7例,占14.6%;弥漫浸润型3例,占6.3%。大于4 cm者42例,占87.5%;小于3 cm者6例,占12.5%.

2.2 组织学类型

以管状腺癌最多17例,占35.4%;依次为低分化腺癌15例,占31.35%; 黏液腺癌12例,占25.0%,其中2例为印戒细胞癌;未分化癌3例,占6.3%;状腺癌1例。

2.3 浸润深度

早期癌5例(其中黏膜内2例,黏膜下3例),浸润浅肌层1例,深肌层10例,浆膜层23例,浆膜外9例。

2.4 淋巴结转移

1例状腺癌未见癌转移;管状腺癌17例中6例发生转移,占35.3%;黏液腺癌12例中有8例发生转移,占66.7%;低分化腺癌15例中12例发生转移,占80.0%;未分化腺癌3例均见转移。

2.5 肠化生

48例胃癌中有25例伴肠化生,其中5例早期癌中4例伴肠化生。

3 讨论

3.1 肿瘤大小与早期癌的关系

病变小于3 cm者(尤其小于1 cm者)多为早期癌。我们观察到2例小于1 cm的病灶,连续切片检出癌细胞局限于黏膜内。而大于4 cm者,几乎都为进展期胃癌。

3.2 组织学类型与早期癌

本组17例管状腺癌,其中5例早期癌中有4例为管状腺癌。有1例为管状腺癌和黏液腺癌的混合。表明随着肿瘤的进展,癌细胞的分化程度下降。

3.3 组织学类型与浸润深度

癌细胞分化愈差浸润程度愈深,如15例低分化腺癌中有11例浸润浆膜及浆膜外(含浸润邻近器官),占73.3%;17例管状腺癌中6例浸润浆膜及浆膜外,占35.3%.

3.4 组织学类型与淋巴结转移

癌细胞分化高则转移率低,反之,癌细胞分化低则转移率高。如17例管状腺癌只有6例见癌转移,而15例低分化腺癌中就有12例见癌转移,分别占35.35%和80.0%。

3.5 胃癌和肠化生

本组48例胃癌中有25例癌旁黏膜伴肠化生。值得注意的是其中5例早期胃癌有4例伴肠化生,说明胃癌的发生与肠化生关系较密切。

3.6 病理特点与临床

年龄结构上60岁以上老人多见,占68.6%,且多数为中晚期胃癌。男性明显多于女性,但值得指出的是肉眼形态为弥漫浸润性肿物,往往细胞分化很差,本组有3例均诊为未分化癌,且全部都是女性患者。病变大小对判断病变性质有一定帮助,本组资料中大于4 cm的病灶几乎全部是恶性胃癌,小于3 cm的病灶(尤其1 cm以下者)多数为早期胃癌。

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(收稿日期:2007-07-19)