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钬激光治疗泌尿系结石的临床观察

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[摘要] 目的 探讨钬激光治疗泌尿系结石的有效性及安全性。 方法 回顾性分析本院2010年2月~2011年2月采用钬激光治疗的120例泌尿系结石患者的临床资料,总结其临床效果及并发症发生情况。 结果 120例患者中单次手术成功率为93.3%(112/120),其中上段手术成功率为91.7%(33/36),中下段手术成功率为85.8%(30/35),肾结石手术成功率为100%(40/40),膀胱结石手术成功率为100%(9/9);术后结石排净时间为4~39 d,平均(21.1±9.4)d,有25例患者出现尿路感染、继发血尿以及输尿管石街形成等不同程度的并发症。 结论 相比传统手术方式,在内镜下采用钬激光技术治疗泌尿系结石更为可靠,术后并发症相对较少,值得大力推广应用。

[关键词] 钬激光;泌尿系结石;有效性;安全性

[中图分类号] R691.4 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1674-4721(2013)11(b)-0184-02

Clinical observation of holmium laser treating urinary calculus

ZENG Xun-chuan

Department of Surgery,People′s Hospital in Qingyuan District of Jian City in Jiangxi Province,Jian 343009,China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the effectiveness and safety of holmium laser treating urinary calculus. Methods The clinical data of 120 patients with urinary calculus treated by holmium laser were retrospectively analyzed in our hospital from February 2010 to February 2011,the clinical effect and complications were summarized. Results A single surgical success rate was 93.3% (112/120) in 120 patients,among them,the success rate of the upper section was 91.7% (33/36),the success rate of the lower section was 85.8% (30/35),the success rate of kidney calculus operation and bladder calculus operation was 100% (40/40) and 100% (9/9) respectively;the lithagogue time after operation was 4-39 d,the and average time was (21.1±9.4) d,there were different degrees of complications such as with urinary tract infections, secondary hematuria and ureteral steinstrasse formation etc in 25 patients. Conclusion Compared to traditional surgical methods,endoscopic holmium laser treating urinary calculi is more reliable with less postoperative complications.It is worth of promotion and application energetically.

[Key words] Holmium laser;Urinary calculus;Effectiveness;Security

钬激光是一种一种高能量脉冲式固体激光,正常情况下钬的波长为24 nm,其在水中具有较高的吸收系数[1]。由于人体内含有大量的水分,使钬激光在人体内具有很好的组织切割及切除能力,当组织穿透深度为0.4 nm,脉冲持续时间为0.25 ms时,结合钬激光和二氧化碳激光的能力能够起到切割和气化功能,用于临床手术时能够粉碎人体内的各种结石,且对于周边机体组织的损伤较小[2]。本院采用钬激光技术对120例泌尿系结石患者进行治疗,取得了较为令人满意的效果,且对120例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,以期探讨采用钬激光治疗泌尿系结石的有效性及安全性。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选取本院2010年2月~2011年2月采用钬激光技术治疗的120例泌尿系结石患者作为研究对象,其中男性72例,女性48例,年龄23~70岁,平均(47.2±2.4)岁,结石病史均为12 d~27年,左侧52例,右侧39例,双侧29例;肾结石45例,输尿管结石75例,合并肾功能不全71例,患者结石大小均在3 mm×4 mm~64 mm×25 mm;合并同侧肾积水82例、合并输尿管狭窄7例、合并输尿管扭曲2例;单次手术碎石患者120例,其中上段手术36例,中下段手术35例,肾结石手术40例,膀胱结石手术9例。

1.2 治疗方法

手术时患者均取截石,采用硬膜外腔麻醉和全身麻醉的方法。手术通过观测器将输尿管硬管经输尿管镜操作孔插入患者的输尿管,术中患者能够较为清晰地观测到自己手术的全过程。医护人员将钬激光经输尿管置入光线,设定功率为36 W,频率为30 Hz,能量1.2 J击碎结石,结石击碎后的最大直径应