对无良父母,法律有说法

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For unscrupulous parents， law has something to say

The supreme law has defined “illegal profits”

最高法已界定“非法获利”

In March， 2010， the Opinions about Punishing Crimes Trafficking of Women and Children in Accordance with the Law came out. Before the stipulation in the Criminal Law for parents selling their own children for illegal profits is vague， and this time the supreme law for the first time clearly defined it as child trafficking crime. For people who selling own children， the public security department should confiscate the illegal income and impose a fine; the actions of selling children under the age of 14 for profits， trafficking children in the name of adoption and selling picking up children， if serious， shall all be given criminal sanctions as child trafficking crime.

2010年3月，《关于依法惩治拐卖妇女儿童犯罪的意见》出台，此前刑法在亲生父母以非法获利为目的出卖子女的行为规定比较模糊，这是最高法首次明确亲生父母贩卖子女以拐卖儿童罪论处。“出卖亲生子女的，由公安机关依法没收非法所得，并处以罚款;以营利为目的的，出卖不满十四周岁子女，情节恶劣的，借收养名义拐卖儿童的，以及出卖拾捡儿童的，均应以拐卖儿童罪追究刑事责任。”

For the definition of “illegal profits”， the deputy chief judge of first criminal court of the supreme law Xue Shulan said， actions like treating fertility as a means of illegal profits and selling children just after birth; “giving” children to others for money by knowing the disability of raising or caring not about it; for money that obviously not belongs to “appreciation fee” or “nutrient fee” and “giving” children to others are all can be defined as illegal profits.

As long as it is defined， then according to the 240th stipulation of the Criminal Law， people who trafficking women or children shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of more than five years and not more than ten years and also be fined; if more than three women or children or stealing children for selling， shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of more than ten years or life imprisonment and also be fined or confiscated of property; if the circumstances are especially serious， shall be sentenced to death.

对于“非法获利”的认定，最高法刑一庭副庭长薛淑兰称，将生育作为非法获利手段，生育后即出卖子女的;明知对方不具有抚养目的，或者根本不考虑对方是否具有抚养目的，为收取钱财将子女“送”给他人的;为收取明显不属于“感谢费”、“营养费”的钱财将子女“送”给他人的行为，都可以认定为非法获利。

一旦认定有非法获利，那么根据《刑法》240条的规定，拐卖妇女、儿童的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金;拐卖妇女、儿童三人以上的;以出卖为目的，偷盗婴幼儿的，处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑，并处罚金或者没收财产;情节特别严重的，处死刑。

Private adoption can avoid criminal penalties

私自认养可不追究刑责

Xue Shulan said， the supreme law and legal department made investigation on the realistic situation of parents selling their own children. They found that， some family would for the education reason give their children to others introduce by acquaintances or after investigation when come across huge changes or economic problems. The adopters would give the parents some appreciation fee， which cannot be regarded as illegal profits， but belongs to private adoption. This can avoid criminal penalties. But if the parents don’t consider the situation of adopters and lead harms on children both physically and mentally， the judicial organs will judge them according to the crime of abandonment.

薛淑兰说，最高法会同司法部门专门对亲生父母出卖子女的现实情况进行了调研。他们发现，一些家庭在遭遇重大变故或者经济出现困难，为了孩子的教育考虑，通过熟人送给收养者抚养，送养者也提前了解了收养者的情况。收养者为了感谢送养方，给送养者一定的感谢费，这种行为不能认定为父母非法获利，属于私自认养，这种行为不追究刑责。但是如果送养者不考虑收养者情况，导致孩子身心受到损害，司法机关将按遗弃罪论处。

For this， the Work Symposium Summary of National Court Criminal Trial Maintaining Rural Stability said that： it shall make a difference between cases of selling relatives. For actions for seeking for profits to “adopting children”， it shall be disposed as child trafficking crime; for those because of life difficulties or preferring boys than girls， it can be disposed as no crime; for those with serious consequences， it can be punished as offence of abandonment.

对此，《全国法院维护农村稳定刑事审判工作座谈会纪要》中阐述：对于买卖至亲的案件，要区别对待。以贩卖牟利为目的“收养子女”的，应以拐卖儿童罪处理;对那些迫于生活困难，受重男轻女思想影响而出卖亲生子女或收养子女的，可不作为犯罪处理;对于出卖子女确属恶劣的，可按遗弃罪处罚。