关于《福尔摩斯》的真假传言

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Sherlock Holmes has appeared in books, stories, films, TV series, cartoons, radio and stage. He is one of the most famous characters in literature, and has made his creator, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, immortal. Small wonder, then, that many myths have grown up around the famous detective.

夏洛克·福尔摩斯在各种书籍、小说、电影、电视剧、动画片、广播剧以及舞台上频频出现，可谓最著名的文学形象之一，其创作者柯南·道尔也因为他而流芳百世。这样看来，围绕这位名侦探产生了许多真真假假的传言也不足为奇。

Myth 1: In Conan Doyle's stories, whenever Watson was baffled1) by a mystery, Sherlock Holmes would work out the solution with ease, and claim that it was "Elementary, my dear Watson".

False. Holmes never used this phrase in Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's stories. However, many films and television versions of Sherlock Holmes stories have used this catchphrase2). It is unclear where the phrase originated, but it certainly caught the public imagination! The actor, Basil Rathbone, who played Sherlock Holmes on film, used this expression many times.

Myth 2: Sherlock Holmes always wore an inverness3) cape4) and a deerstalker hat.

False. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's stories never describe this. However, Sidney Paget, the original illustrator of the Sherlock Holmes stories which appeared in The Strand Magazine, was fond of wearing a deerstalker hat, and in some of his illustrations, he depicted Holmes as wearing one. The idea caught on5), and we consider that no production of Sherlock Holmes nowadays would be complete without the great detective's famous deerstalker hat and cape!

Myth 3: Sir Arthur Conan Doyle sometimes turned detective and solved mysteries himself.

True. By applying Sherlock Holmes' methods of deduction6), Conan Doyle was able to correct some miscarriages7) of justice. He saved George Edalji8), who had been blamed for slashing9) horses and cows, and Oscar Slater, who had been wrongly convicted of murdering his landlady.

Myth 4: Arthur Conan Doyle himself didn't like his creation, Sherlock Holmes.

To a large extent, this is true. Conan Doyle also wrote a great deal of other books including science fiction, historical novels and non-fiction. He wanted to be known as a great literary writer, and felt that the public's craving for more and more Sherlock Holmes stories was overshadowing his other work. In 1893, Conan Doyle famously "killed off" Sherlock Holmes, sparking a public outcry10). It was to be ten years before he weakened and brought the famous detective back from the dead.

Myth 5: 221B, Baker Street, Sherlock Holmes' famous house, is real—and tourists who visit London can take a tour of the premises11)!