解主谓一致题的三大原则
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一、语法一致原则
1.主语是单数形式，谓语也用单数；主语是复数形式，谓语也要用复数。
例1 All the scientific evidence ____ that increasing use of chemicals in farming ____ damaging our health.
A. show；are B. shows；are
C. show；is D. shows；is
解析：选D。第一空主语是evidence，为不可数名词，所以谓语动词用单数；第二空主语是use 而不是chemicals，所以谓语动词也用单数。
2.both ... and连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语一般用复数。and连接两个名词作主语时，若表示不同的人或者物，谓语用复数；若表示同一人或物，则谓语用单数，此时后一名词前不用冠词。如：
Both Tom and Mark are my friends.
Bread and butter is healthy food.
The poet and writer has produced many works.
3.不定代词either，neither，each，one，the other，another，someone，somebody，something，anyone，anybody，anything，everything，everyone，everybody，nobody，no one，nothing等作主语时，谓语用单数。
Either of the two ways is right.
4.主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，along with，including，in addition to 等引起的补语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
例2 Mr. Smith，together with his wife and daughters，____ visit Beijing this summer.
A. is going to B. are going to
C. was going to D. were going to
解析：选A。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。主语中心词是Dr. Smith，表示单数，谓语动词用单数形式；时间状语是this summer，表示计划性的将来，时态用一般将来时。
5. some，plenty of，a lot of，lots of 等词既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词，谓语应该根据被修饰的词来定。
例3 One-third of the country ____ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ____ black people.
A. is ；are B. is；is C. are；are D. are；is
解析：选A。前半句主语是“分数+单数可数名词”，谓语动词应该用单数；后半句主语是“majority+可数名词复数”，谓语动词应该用复数。因此，选A。
6. a quantity / an amount of，quantities / amounts of 作主语时，谓语一般根据quantity / amount的单复数来定。
Quantities of money are needed to equip the school.
7.“more than one / many a + 单数名词”作主语时，尽管意义上为复数，谓语却用单数。
Many a professor is looking forward to visiting Germany.
More than one student has been sent to Japan.
8.“the number of + 名词”作主语时，谓语用单数，表示“……的数目”。“a number of + 复数名词”作主语时，谓语用复数，表示“许多”。
The number of the teachers is greatly increased.
A number of governments have banned the ship from their territorial waters.
9.不定式、动名词、从句作主语，谓语常用单数。
例4 Listening to loud music at rock concerts ____ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
解析：选C。考查动词的语态和主谓一致。该句是一个含有主语、谓语和宾语的主动句，其中的主语为动名词。当动名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，因此选C。
10.“the + 姓氏的复数”（指一家人、夫妻等）和“the +形容词”（指一类）作主语时，谓语常用复数。
The Smiths go to church every Sunday.
The rich have become richer.
二、意义一致原则
谓语的单复数变化由主语所表达的单复数意义来定。
1.none作主语，如果指不可数名词时，谓语用单数；如果指可数名词时，谓语用单复数均可。
Jim has used up all the money. None is left.
2.all作主语时，如果指人，谓语一般用复数；如果指事物或现象，谓语一般用单数。
All are present besides the professor.
例5 All we need ____ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
A. are B. was C. is D. were
解析：选C。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此句中all指的是土地，是不可数名词，由从句可知，用现在时。
3.表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作整体，谓语用单数。
例6 The university estimates that living expenses for international students ____ around $8，450 a year，which ____ a burden for some of them.
A. are；is B. are；are C. is；are D. is；is
解析：选A。第一空所在从句的主语living expenses为复数，谓语动词应与之保持一致；第二空是非限制性定语从句的谓语，主语是which，其先行词为$8，450，为单数。
4.单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语的形式要根据主语的单复数意义来定。这样的词有means（方法），crossroads（十字路口），aircraft（飞机），deer（鹿），sheep（绵羊），works（工厂，著作），series（列），species（种类）等。
All possible means have been tried to teach languages.
5.有些名词，如people（人），cattle（牛），police（警察）等，形式上是单数，但意义上是复数，谓语用复数，但people表示“民族”时，谓语取决于people的单复数。
People believe that every people uses its special words to describe things and express ideas.
6.集合名词。如audience，army，family，class，crowd，government，public等作为主语时，若把该名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数；若把该名词看作整体里的每一个成员，谓语一般用复数。
My family are going on a trip this summer.
7.population作主语时，谓语一般用单数，但其前有（百）分数时，谓语一般用复数。
One third of the population are workers here.
8.定语从句的先行词有one of修饰时，定语从句的谓语一般用复数。但是，先行词前有the（only）one of 修饰时，定语从句的谓语通常用单数。
He is the only one of students who is late for class again.
9.以-ics结尾的学科名词以及表示团体、组织、报刊等名称作主语时，谓语一般用单数。
The United Nations is an international organization.
Physics is the mother of science.
10.在“主语+系动词+表语”结构中，如果是“what+从句”作主语时，其谓语的单复数取决于后面的表语。若表语为单数，谓语一般用单数；若表语为复数，谓语一般用复数。
What we need are more books.
三、就近一致原则
谓语的单复数变化由靠近谓语的主语来定。
1.主语由 or，either ... or，neither ... nor，not only ... but also，not ... but等连接时，谓语的单复数取决于最靠近它的主语。
Either you or he is interested in playing chess.
Are you or he fond of music at present？
2.当there / here be 后有几个主语时，be与邻近的主语保持一致。
There are two pears and an apple on the plate.
（责任编校 彭益）