中国式“玩法”
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“黑飞”指的是没有得到民航部门批准，就直接驾驶飞机上天。这种现象在中国私人航空界很普遍，虽然这是违规的，但一位直升机玩家将通过自己的经历告诉你，“黑飞族”也有自己的苦恼与无奈。
"Black flying" refers to illegal flights that are not permitted by civil aviation authorities. Chinese fliers are often found making black flights， but few know about their frustrations. At the invitation of U-Jet， Mr. Li shares his story.
突如其来的警车
随着发动机轰鸣声的消失，李恒（化名）把车停在了机库门的旁边。下车后他并没径直走进家门，而是走向他那架施瓦泽300C直升机旁边。他伸出食指，蹭了蹭飞机表面的灰尘，一条鲜明的印线立马显现。嗯，是有太久没飞了。
在购买这架直升机之前，李恒还经常驾驶法拉利或悍马出去兜兜风，但自从有了直升机，驾驶汽车的几乎就消失了。虽然都是机械，直升机操控杆和汽车方向盘却有着天渊之别。直升机可以在天空上下前后左右变换位置，这种速度的空间感、立体感远非汽车可以比拟。现在他就开着一辆奥迪作为工作、生活中的代步工具。
“要不再偷偷飞一次？”李恒心痒难耐。飞还是不飞，这可是有风险的。就在几个月前的一个下午，十多辆警车响着警笛突如其来，把他的家围了个水泄不通，这个情景他终于在好莱坞大片以外的地方见到了。当时李恒的第一反应是：自己卷入了国安事件；第二反应则是：“黑飞”被人举报了。
“我作为一名商人，遵纪守法、不贿赂、不偷税漏税，更没杀人放火。没任何征兆下警察封锁了我的家，除了‘黑飞’被举报，不会有其他原因。”因为一些飞友在“黑飞”时曾被举报过，警察也是这样毫无征兆地出现在他家门口，所以李恒很快反应过来是怎么回事。
刚买了直升机那会儿，李恒一旦想过飞行的瘾，都是不经上报主管部门，便驾驶飞机在自己家附近绕一圈，这种行为在飞行圈里就被叫做“黑飞”（我们国家所有飞机上天，都要经过申报、审批）。因为李恒家在郊区，监管比较松，所以他时不时会架着直升机在天上溜达溜达。但不敢飞远，一旦被盯上就是大麻烦，轻则罚钱，严重时直接扣飞机。
好在飞友曾和李恒分享过应付警察的窍门，所以被十几辆警车包围着，他也毫不恐惧。他当天确实没有驾机飞行，捉贼捉赃，警察没有证据，根本不能拿他怎么样。既不能罚款，更无权扣押直升机。但李恒还是摆出一种很无辜但积极配合的态度，主动带警察去机库看飞机，还建议如果有人也喜欢飞行，他向有关部门申报一下，带他找个机会一起飞一圈。最终，十几辆警车就这样无功而返了。
至于那次警察为什么会来，或者究竟是谁举报的，李恒最后也没查出来。他只能猜测，应该不是飞行圈的人出卖自己，有可能是生意上的竞争对手搞的鬼。
“黑户口”的苦衷
李恒回忆，那次瞅见来的是一群警察，他真是松了一口气。也正是因为来的是警察，他才判断出卖他的并非圈内人。和许多直升机拥有者一样，他的飞机并没有在民航局备注，直接就放在家里的机库里了。说白了，这架飞机就是个“黑户口”。如果包围他家的是民航局的人，他可就抓瞎了。“我们国家的民用直升机还不普及，公安部门通常都只是从治安、反恐等角度去管理，并不管飞机的‘户口’问题。所以我们这些‘黑户’并不用东躲。”
之所以甘当“黑户口”，李恒也有他的苦衷。按照国家的规定，私人直升机必须注册，然后交由专业托管公司托管。飞机要停在它们的机场、享受它们提供的保养维护服务。李恒并非舍不得那点托管费，而是他家附近根本没有托管机构。如果要托管，直升机只能停在很远的机场。想玩飞机了，必须开五六个小时的车过去，还要拿到民航局的申报批准对方才让你飞。“这样一来，买一架私人直升机和租直升机根本就没什么区别。”
正因如此，像李恒这样的玩家机主宁可做“黑户口”，也不愿把飞机送去托管。但是这样一来，飞机平时的保养和维修都很不方便，各种相关的托管服务他都享受不到。这就是中国直升机飞行爱好者两难的境地。李恒总是想，干脆最后痛快地飞一次就把直升机卖了，然后去国外买一架玩个够。
风险与诱惑
飞还是不飞？是徘徊在李恒内心最多的一个问题。每一次他不知不觉走到直升机跟前，看着这架空气动力学的“艺术品”，总要犹豫半天。自从上次警察事件之后，他已经有几个月没飞了，“要不冒一次险飞一次？”内心斗争了好一阵，他决定再次“铤而走险”。不管怎样，这总比飞机停在屋里当摆设强。
这次飞行，李恒选择了飞往距他家80多公里（公路距离）的农村老家。“那段时间因为公司太忙，很久也没有回老家看望父母。老家的父老乡亲也都知道我买了一架直升机，但谁也没有见过。我就想，干脆驾驶直升机回趟老家，看看父母，也让老家的人开开眼界。”
做完飞行前准备，李恒启动引擎。轻便、小巧的施瓦泽300C摇摇晃晃从他的家庭停机坪升起来。从他家到父母家，原本1个半小时车程的距离，他用了近20分钟的时间就飞到了。“我刻意飞得很慢、很低，飞行高度不到500米，速度不到50公里/小时。这完全是一次目视飞行，唯一的导航设备就是IPAD上安装的飞行导航软件。”沿途中他尽情欣赏着脚下的风景和行人，也能清楚地看到脚下的人驻足仰望他。
到了村子里，李恒把直升机停在了家门前的空地上。为了目睹一下传说中李恒买的飞机，闻询赶来的父老乡亲围了好几层。“我到了父母家，但没有待太长的时间就离开了。因为父母认为我驾驶着直升机回老家太出风头了，影响不好，让我赶紧飞回去。” 而李恒自己也不敢待太久，毕竟是“黑飞”，如果回家后发现又有十几辆警察正等着自己，那才叫“人赃俱获”。
TIPS：飞行一次不容易
在中国，私人直升机的合法飞行必须满足3个条件：首先直升机必须获得民航局的适航认证，其次飞机必须交由通航企业进行托管，最后驾驶员必须考取飞行执照。满足这3个条件之后，每次飞行前必须向民航空管部门申报飞行计划，不论飞行时间长短，只要一起一落就需要近万元的申请费用。
Unexpected Police Raid
Mr. Li stops the engine of his car and walkes to the hangar. A thick layer of dust on his S-300C reminds him that it has been a long time since his last flight.
Li used to take a ride on a Ferrai or Hummer， but since he bought a helicopter， cars could no longer give him the thrill. Even though he could not fly often on helicopters， he keeps only one Audi to drive.
“Should I conduct a rule-breaking flying again？” Li is hesitant. He still recalls how months ago his house was surrounded by a dozen of police cars just as in a classic scene of a Hollywood movie. His first impression was he was involved in an issue affecting national security.
But soon he realized it was about his black flights. “I am a business man， and I break no laws. There is no other reason but that my black flight was tipped off.”
Because Li lives in the suburbs where regulation is not so restricted， he often makes flights without reporting to the regulator. He dared not fly far， because once caught， he would be hugely fined or worse， have the copter confiscated.
With experiences shared by flier friends， he behaved innocent and cooperative， he even brought the police to his hangar and offered a ride， of course， with approval from related regulators.
He never knew who tipped him off， but according to him， it must not be other fliers， probably business competitors.
Black Fliers’ Frustrations
Li was actually relieved to see the police. As his helicopter is not registered at CAAC， it would be worse if they were civil aviation officials. “As civil helicopters are not widely used in China， the police only manages it from a social security or anti-terrorism perspective， they don’t care about registration， and black owners like us don’t need hide and run.”
Li does not want to be a black owner either. But according to regulations， private helicopters have to be registered， managed by professional operators， and parked at airports for maintenance and repair. It is not the cost that scares him off， but because the nearest airport is too far away， which means he will have to drive 5 to 6 hours to the nearest airport and fly only when he gets an approval from civil aviation regulator. “What difference does it make between owning a helicopter and hiring one？”
Because of this， owners like Li would rather stay “black” than sending their helicopter to an operator， although they would have trouble getting maintenance and repair services. Li keeps thinking of selling his helicopter after a last flight， and enjoying the fun of flying by buying one in a foreign country.
Risk and Temptation
To fly or not to fly， it is a question battled most in his mind. It has been months since the last raid， and he decides to make the move. After all， it is better than grounded.
He decided to fly to his home 50 km away by a helicopter. “It has been a while since my last visit to my parents. Friends and relatives in my village know of my helicopter but never get to see it. So I decided to fly it home to visit my parents and to show it to my homies.”
The 1 and a half ground journey takes him only 20 minutes by helicopter. “I kept it low and slow， less than 50km/h below 500 meters. It is all visual， the only navigation I have is an app on my Ipad.” He enjoyed the view on his flight home， and he could see people stop to look at him from on the ground.
He landed it in front of his house. Soon it attracted a large crowd. “I did not stay long， because my parents thought it is not good to show off， and asked me to fly back.” He left soon afterwards， after all， he did not want to be caught red-handed on his black flight.
Black or White
Having obtained license for 2 years， “there is no difference between a ‘‘black flight’ and a ‘white flight’ in terms of flying.” The only difference is whether or not you have regulator approval. Fliers often liken it to walking on the street with or without clothes. The difference lies not in which one is safer， but that the former is legal and the latter is obscene and against law. It is usually difficult to get approval for non-scheduled flights. If you just want to enjoy the fun of flying， you might think better of it？
Li believes that most Chinese helicopter owns fly more or less without approval. Once caught the penalty ranges from a fine between 20，000 and 100，000RMB， to the confiscation of the aircraft. But for fliers who just want to feel the thrill of flying around home， black flights are less risky and more exciting.
Of the many fliers he knows， many have experiences like him. Some make black flights from Beijing to Fujian， others even organized a gathering. To many fliers， black flying is just an inconvenient truth.
突如其来的警车
随着发动机轰鸣声的消失，李恒（化名）把车停在了机库门的旁边。下车后他并没径直走进家门，而是走向他那架施瓦泽300C直升机旁边。他伸出食指，蹭了蹭飞机表面的灰尘，一条鲜明的印线立马显现。嗯，是有太久没飞了。
在购买这架直升机之前，李恒还经常驾驶法拉利或悍马出去兜兜风，但自从有了直升机，驾驶汽车的几乎就消失了。虽然都是机械，直升机操控杆和汽车方向盘却有着天渊之别。直升机可以在天空上下前后左右变换位置，这种速度的空间感、立体感远非汽车可以比拟。现在他就开着一辆奥迪作为工作、生活中的代步工具。
“要不再偷偷飞一次？”李恒心痒难耐。飞还是不飞，这可是有风险的。就在几个月前的一个下午，十多辆警车响着警笛突如其来，把他的家围了个水泄不通，这个情景他终于在好莱坞大片以外的地方见到了。当时李恒的第一反应是：自己卷入了国安事件；第二反应则是：“黑飞”被人举报了。
“我作为一名商人，遵纪守法、不贿赂、不偷税漏税，更没杀人放火。没任何征兆下警察封锁了我的家，除了‘黑飞’被举报，不会有其他原因。”因为一些飞友在“黑飞”时曾被举报过，警察也是这样毫无征兆地出现在他家门口，所以李恒很快反应过来是怎么回事。
刚买了直升机那会儿，李恒一旦想过飞行的瘾，都是不经上报主管部门，便驾驶飞机在自己家附近绕一圈，这种行为在飞行圈里就被叫做“黑飞”（我们国家所有飞机上天，都要经过申报、审批）。因为李恒家在郊区，监管比较松，所以他时不时会架着直升机在天上溜达溜达。但不敢飞远，一旦被盯上就是大麻烦，轻则罚钱，严重时直接扣飞机。
好在飞友曾和李恒分享过应付警察的窍门，所以被十几辆警车包围着，他也毫不恐惧。他当天确实没有驾机飞行，捉贼捉赃，警察没有证据，根本不能拿他怎么样。既不能罚款，更无权扣押直升机。但李恒还是摆出一种很无辜但积极配合的态度，主动带警察去机库看飞机，还建议如果有人也喜欢飞行，他向有关部门申报一下，带他找个机会一起飞一圈。最终，十几辆警车就这样无功而返了。
至于那次警察为什么会来，或者究竟是谁举报的，李恒最后也没查出来。他只能猜测，应该不是飞行圈的人出卖自己，有可能是生意上的竞争对手搞的鬼。
“黑户口”的苦衷
李恒回忆，那次瞅见来的是一群警察，他真是松了一口气。也正是因为来的是警察，他才判断出卖他的并非圈内人。和许多直升机拥有者一样，他的飞机并没有在民航局备注，直接就放在家里的机库里了。说白了，这架飞机就是个“黑户口”。如果包围他家的是民航局的人，他可就抓瞎了。“我们国家的民用直升机还不普及，公安部门通常都只是从治安、反恐等角度去管理，并不管飞机的‘户口’问题。所以我们这些‘黑户’并不用东躲。”
之所以甘当“黑户口”，李恒也有他的苦衷。按照国家的规定，私人直升机必须注册，然后交由专业托管公司托管。飞机要停在它们的机场、享受它们提供的保养维护服务。李恒并非舍不得那点托管费，而是他家附近根本没有托管机构。如果要托管，直升机只能停在很远的机场。想玩飞机了，必须开五六个小时的车过去，还要拿到民航局的申报批准对方才让你飞。“这样一来，买一架私人直升机和租直升机根本就没什么区别。”
正因如此，像李恒这样的玩家机主宁可做“黑户口”，也不愿把飞机送去托管。但是这样一来，飞机平时的保养和维修都很不方便，各种相关的托管服务他都享受不到。这就是中国直升机飞行爱好者两难的境地。李恒总是想，干脆最后痛快地飞一次就把直升机卖了，然后去国外买一架玩个够。
风险与诱惑
飞还是不飞？是徘徊在李恒内心最多的一个问题。每一次他不知不觉走到直升机跟前，看着这架空气动力学的“艺术品”，总要犹豫半天。自从上次警察事件之后，他已经有几个月没飞了，“要不冒一次险飞一次？”内心斗争了好一阵，他决定再次“铤而走险”。不管怎样，这总比飞机停在屋里当摆设强。
这次飞行，李恒选择了飞往距他家80多公里（公路距离）的农村老家。“那段时间因为公司太忙，很久也没有回老家看望父母。老家的父老乡亲也都知道我买了一架直升机，但谁也没有见过。我就想，干脆驾驶直升机回趟老家，看看父母，也让老家的人开开眼界。”
做完飞行前准备，李恒启动引擎。轻便、小巧的施瓦泽300C摇摇晃晃从他的家庭停机坪升起来。从他家到父母家，原本1个半小时车程的距离，他用了近20分钟的时间就飞到了。“我刻意飞得很慢、很低，飞行高度不到500米，速度不到50公里/小时。这完全是一次目视飞行，唯一的导航设备就是IPAD上安装的飞行导航软件。”沿途中他尽情欣赏着脚下的风景和行人，也能清楚地看到脚下的人驻足仰望他。
到了村子里，李恒把直升机停在了家门前的空地上。为了目睹一下传说中李恒买的飞机，闻询赶来的父老乡亲围了好几层。“我到了父母家，但没有待太长的时间就离开了。因为父母认为我驾驶着直升机回老家太出风头了，影响不好，让我赶紧飞回去。” 而李恒自己也不敢待太久，毕竟是“黑飞”，如果回家后发现又有十几辆警察正等着自己，那才叫“人赃俱获”。
Unexpected Police Raid
Mr. Li stops the engine of his car and walkes to the hangar. A thick layer of dust on his S-300C reminds him that it has been a long time since his last flight.
Li used to take a ride on a Ferrai or Hummer， but since he bought a helicopter， cars could no longer give him the thrill. Even though he could not fly often on helicopters， he keeps only one Audi to drive.
“Should I conduct a rule-breaking flying again？” Li is hesitant. He still recalls how months ago his house was surrounded by a dozen of police cars just as in a classic scene of a Hollywood movie. His first impression was he was involved in an issue affecting national security.
But soon he realized it was about his black flights. “I am a business man， and I break no laws. There is no other reason but that my black flight was tipped off.”
Because Li lives in the suburbs where regulation is not so restricted， he often makes flights without reporting to the regulator. He dared not fly far， because once caught， he would be hugely fined or worse， have the copter confiscated.
With experiences shared by flier friends， he behaved innocent and cooperative， he even brought the police to his hangar and offered a ride， of course， with approval from related regulators.
He never knew who tipped him off， but according to him， it must not be other fliers， probably business competitors.
Black Fliers’ Frustrations
Li was actually relieved to see the police. As his helicopter is not registered at CAAC， it would be worse if they were civil aviation officials. “As civil helicopters are not widely used in China， the police only manages it from a social security or anti-terrorism perspective， they don’t care about registration， and black owners like us don’t need hide and run.”
Li does not want to be a black owner either. But according to regulations， private helicopters have to be registered， managed by professional operators， and parked at airports for maintenance and repair. It is not the cost that scares him off， but because the nearest airport is too far away， which means he will have to drive 5 to 6 hours to the nearest airport and fly only when he gets an approval from civil aviation regulator. “What difference does it make between owning a helicopter and hiring one？”
Because of this， owners like Li would rather stay “black” than sending their helicopter to an operator， although they would have trouble getting maintenance and repair services. Li keeps thinking of selling his helicopter after a last flight， and enjoying the fun of flying by buying one in a foreign country.
Risk and Temptation
To fly or not to fly， it is a question battled most in his mind. It has been months since the last raid， and he decides to make the move. After all， it is better than grounded.
He decided to fly to his home 50 km away by a helicopter. “It has been a while since my last visit to my parents. Friends and relatives in my village know of my helicopter but never get to see it. So I decided to fly it home to visit my parents and to show it to my homies.”
The 1 and a half ground journey takes him only 20 minutes by helicopter. “I kept it low and slow， less than 50km/h below 500 meters. It is all visual， the only navigation I have is an app on my Ipad.” He enjoyed the view on his flight home， and he could see people stop to look at him from on the ground.
He landed it in front of his house. Soon it attracted a large crowd. “I did not stay long， because my parents thought it is not good to show off， and asked me to fly back.” He left soon afterwards， after all， he did not want to be caught red-handed on his black flight.
Black or White
Having obtained license for 2 years， “there is no difference between a ‘‘black flight’ and a ‘white flight’ in terms of flying.” The only difference is whether or not you have regulator approval. Fliers often liken it to walking on the street with or without clothes. The difference lies not in which one is safer， but that the former is legal and the latter is obscene and against law. It is usually difficult to get approval for non-scheduled flights. If you just want to enjoy the fun of flying， you might think better of it？
Li believes that most Chinese helicopter owns fly more or less without approval. Once caught the penalty ranges from a fine between 20，000 and 100，000RMB， to the confiscation of the aircraft. But for fliers who just want to feel the thrill of flying around home， black flights are less risky and more exciting.
Of the many fliers he knows， many have experiences like him. Some make black flights from Beijing to Fujian， others even organized a gathering. To many fliers， black flying is just an inconvenient truth.
黑与白
“具体到驾驶飞机的过程，‘黑飞’和‘白飞’其实完全一样。”李恒拿到直升机驾照已经两年了，他在飞行时认真仔细，绝不会拿生命开玩笑。所以“黑飞”和“白飞”的区别仅仅是有没有主管部门的审批许可。飞行圈的人常把二者比作穿着衣服在大街上走路和光着屁股在街上裸奔，区别并不在于哪种走路姿势更安全，而是一个正当合法，一个猥琐犯罪。不固定航线的私人飞行往往很难申请下来，如果你只想过把飞行的瘾，那你会怎么选择呢？
李恒认为，目前国内大多数私人直升机拥有者或多或少都在“黑飞”。一旦被抓住，第一次一般会被警告，并处以2万元以上10万元以下的罚款。惹出严重乱子的，飞机还会被扣押。对比“白飞”的申请成本与“黑飞”的风险成本，许多只是想在家门口过过瘾的玩家自然会选择后者。而且，“黑飞”还能给人一种刺激、神秘的感觉。
李恒认识的全国各地的很多飞友，他们几乎都有和他一样的“黑飞”经历。他一位在上海做房地产的朋友，过春节时，驾驶自己的私人直升机一路“黑飞”到了福建的老家。另外几个温州的飞友朋友，也曾几次相约“黑飞”到一起聚会玩乐。某种意义上说，“黑飞”既是直升机玩家的一种无奈，也是比较普遍的一种现象。
飞行圈的人常把这比作穿着衣服在大街上走路和光着屁股在街上裸奔，区别并不在于哪种走路姿势更安全，而是一个正当合法，一个猥琐犯罪。
Fliers often liken it to walking on the street with or without clothes. The difference lies not in which one is safer， but that the former is legal and the latter is obscene and against law.