自然主义特点在欧亨利作品中的体现

开篇：润墨网以专业的文秘视角，为您筛选了一篇自然主义特点在欧亨利作品中的体现范文，如需获取更多写作素材，在线客服老师一对一协助。欢迎您的阅读与分享！

摘要：欧・亨利是二十世纪初崛起于美国文坛的著名短篇小说作家，其作品构思布局巧妙，语言幽默风趣，尤其是出乎意料的结尾更是别具一格，脍炙人口。19世纪到二十世纪，现实主义思想和自然主义理论的表现方式走到美国的文学里。欧亨利作为美国的短片小说之父，在他的作品中既体现了现实主义的残酷与无奈，同时又表现出自然主义的本质。

本文就通过欧亨利的作品来剖析自然主义与现实主义的相通之处，通过麦琪的礼物这篇文章，我们可以看到自然主义的流露，文章通过描写两对年轻的爱人，在圣诞节互送礼物，结果卖掉了自己彼此最为珍贵的东西，来反映当时社会资本家的贪婪与罪恶，贫苦大众生活的无奈。

Abstract: O. Henry is a famous short story writer rising in American literature in the early 20th century. The ingenious idea of layout, humorous languages, especially the surprising end make his works unique and popular. From the 18th century to the 19th century, the expression of realistic thinking and naturalism fused into the American literature. As the father of American short story, O. Henry embodies the brutal realism and helplessness in his works, while showing the nature of naturalism.

The paper analyzed the interlink between naturalism and realism through the works of O・Henry. By example of "The Gift of the Magi", we could see the reveal of naturalism. The article describes the young couples' giving of gifts on Christmas by selling the each's most precious thing. The article reflects the greed and sin of the social capitalists and the helplessness of the poor.

关键词：欧亨利 ; 自然主义 ; 现实主义; 相通性

Key words: O・Henry；naturalism；realism；interlink

中图分类号：I06文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-4311（2011）03-0328-01

1Introduction of O・Henry

O・Henry's three short stories as examples, the author finds that by employing different focalizations and relevant narrative discourses to different stories, O・Henry provides the readers with a whole picture of the life of his time. O・Henry's three typical short stories. The Furnished Room(1906),The Gift of the Magi (1906)and A Service of Love(1906). Through making physical time serve psychological time and selecting episodes of life, O・Henry organically unites physical time with psychological time and reveals the true meaning of life; through acceleration and deceleration, he adjusts the narrative speed properly; and by employing different frequencies and suspense, he achieves tense narrative impetus.

2The Definition of Realism

Realism was a movement that encompassed the entire country, or at least the Midwest and South, although many of the writers and critics associated with realism (notably W・D・Howells) were based in New England. Among the Midwestern writers considered realists would be Joseph Kirkland, E・W・Howe, and Hamlin Garland; the Southern writer John W・DeForest's Miss Ravenal's Conversion from Secession to Loyalty is often considered a realist novel, too.

The history of realism finds its origins somewhere around the second half of the 19th century, mainly from 1830 to 1870. Among its main principles realism establishes itself as a way of thought more than a movement within a specific genre. It seeks to express an object, scene or even a subject through that which is perceivable, negating all romanticism and subjectivism or any other elements which may distort something as it really exists. These realists, also known as positivists, found their faith in the fact that all knowledge obtained from science and its objectives would, in essence, solve all human problems.

Realistic present the idea about the true life of the society."Realism sets itself at work to consider characters and events which are apparently the most ordinary and uninteresting, in order to extract from these their full value and true meaning. It would apprehend in all particulars the connection between the familiar and the extraordinary, and the seen and unseen of human nature. Beneath the deceptive cloak of outwardly uneventful days, it detects and endeavors to trace the outlines of the spirits that are hidden there; tho measure the changes in their growth, to watch the symptoms of moral decay or regeneration, to fathom their histories of passionate or intellectual problems. In short, realism reveals. Where we thought nothing worth of notice, it shows everything to be rife with significance."

3O・Henry's Story Present the Characteristic of Realism

In O・henry's story the Gift of the Magi ,described a young pouple who want to send present to each other for Christmas gift. They love each other deeply, but they are very poor, they can send present for each other but to send their lovely subject. At last, the wife send her beautiful hair andshe bought a watch chain for her husband. And on the other hand, the husband send his lovely watch and bought a hair grip for her wife. The previous present were useless at last.The action of Jim and delle show the beautiful of the world and the heavenliness of the love. We can know that the prototype of delle was o henry's first wife.

From O・henry's story we can see the different character and status of the American people in that century. Especially the people at the bottom of society of capitalism. From the story, we can know about o henry's love and abominate for the world. He expose and criticize the upper society of America. He wrote a book called a world for "capitalist, Jackal and swindler;" for example in his story called The Man Higher Up, robber, financier and swindler are get together, robber invest money to the financier but the financier sell and buy they had, and at last the miney of swindler still in the financier, though the financier did nothing but he is higher than the robber and swindler. In the capitalist society, the capitalist is the robber and Port operators and investors are the bandit.