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中考英语涉及主谓一致的10个考点

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一、根据主语的单复数和可数性考查主谓一致

如果用作主语的名词或代词是单数,则谓语动词也应用单数;如果用作主语的名词或代词是复数,则谓语动词也应用复数。如果用作主语的名词或代词是不可数名词,则谓语动词要用单数。

【例1】The reading room _______ very quiet. I enjoy reading books there. (北京中考题)

A. am B. is C. are D. be

解析:句子主语为第三人称的单数形式,故答案选B。

【例2】―Physics ________ more difficult than Chinese, do you think so?

― Yes, I think so.(四川德阳中考题)

A. is B. are C. has D. have

解析:句子主语physics虽然以s结尾,但它是不可数名词,表示单数意义,故可排除复数谓语B和D;又因为空格后的more difficult为形容词,故其前应用系动词be,而不是has,故答案选A。

二、考查“主语+介词短语”用作主语时的主谓一致

根据英语语法,介词短语原则上不用作主语,所以当“主语+介词短语”处于主语位置时,其后的谓语动词只与其中的“主语”有关,而与其中的“介词短语”无关。如a teacher with his students作主语,谓语动词只与a teacher保持一致,而与his students无关。

【例1】Judy with her brother ________ computer games when her mother came back. (贵州黔西南中考题)

A. were playing B. are playing C. was playing D. is playing

解析:因真正的主语是Judy,为单数,故可排除复数谓语A和B;再根据when引导的时间状语从句的时态可知,此句是在谈论过去的情况,故答案选C。

【例2】Look, a woman with two children ________ along the street at the moment. (广西南宁中考题)

A. is walking B. are walking C. walk D. walks

解析:因句子真正的主语是a woman(为单数),谓语动词与其后的介词短语with two children无关,故可排除复数谓语B和C;再根据句中的look和at the moment可知,句子应用现在进行时,即答案选A。

三、考查整体中的部分作主语时的主谓一致

当一个短语是表示“整体中的部分”时,若用作主语,其后的谓语只与其中的“部分”保持一致,而与其中的“整体”无关,如one of the boys作主语,谓语动词与one有关,而与the boys无关。

【例1】One of my friends ________ moved to America. I miss her so much. (浙江衢州中考题)

A. has B. have C. is D. are

解析:处于主语位置的one of my friends属于表示“整体中的部分”类短语,其后谓语动词只与表示“部分”的one保持一致,而与表示“整体”的my friends无关,故可排除复数形式的B和D;再根据句意,应该是指“已经去了美国”,而不是“被移到了美国”,故用现在完成时,即答案选A。

【例2】Each of the club members ________ ready to help those who were in trouble. (江苏南通中考题)

A. is B. are C. was D. were

解析:句子谓语与each保持一致,而与the club members无关,故可排除复数形式的B和D;再根据其后定语从句的时态可知,句子谈论的是过去情况,即答案选C。

四、考查倒装句中的主谓一致

对于倒装句来说,位于句首主语位置的成分并非是句子的主语,此时需根据句子意思和句式特点找出句子真正的主语,从而确定句子谓语动词的形式。

【例题】Between the two hills ________ a deep river. (山东烟台中考题)

A. are B. have C. has D. is

解析:根据英语语法,介词短语不用作句子主语,所以当介词短语位于主语位置时,应考虑其是否是倒装句。本题即属倒装句,真正的主语是a deep river,故答案选D。

五、考查并列成分作主语时的主谓一致

对于并列成分作主语时的主谓一致问题,同学们主要应注意以下两类结构:

1. 当and和both...and...连接的两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词通常要用复数。

2. 当either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...连接的两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词通常要与其最靠近的那个主语保持一致。

【例1】― Both Li Lei and Han Meimei ________ fond of the TV program “A Bite of China”.

― I am also deeply moved by its stories! (广东广州中考题)

A. is B. am C. was D. are

解析:both…and…连接两个成分作主语时,谓语动词要用复数,故可排除A、B和C;再根据答句中的时态可知,空格处的动词也应用一般现在时,即选D。

【例2】This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I ________ good at drawing.(黑龙江齐齐哈尔中考题)

A. is B. am C. are D. were

解析:当not only...but also...连接两个成分作主语时,其后谓语动词要与其最靠近的那个主语保持一致,故答案选B。

【例3】Neither my father nor my mother ________ rock music. They think that it’s too ________. (贵州铜仁中考题)

A. like; noise B. likes; noise

C. like; noisy D. likes; noisy

解析:当neither...nor...连接两个成分作主语时,其后谓语动词要与其最靠近的那个主语保持一致,故可确定第一空应填likes,即可排除A和C;再根据第二空前的too(太)可知,第二空应填形容词,而不能填名词,故答案只能选D。

六、考查a (the) number of作主语时的主谓一致

a number of...的意思是“许多”,若用作主语,其后的谓语动词要用复数;the number of...的意思是“……的数量”,若用作主语,其后的谓语动词要用单数。

【例1】In our hospital, the number of women doctors ________ larger and larger. (青海西宁中考题)

A. is B. are C. be D. been

解析:the number of 意为“……的数量”,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式,故选A。

【例2】The number of teachers in our school ________ greatly increased last term. A number of teachers in this school ________ from the countryside. (广东河源中考题)

A. was; is B. was; are C. were; are D. were; is

解析:the number of...作主语时,其后的谓语动词要用单数,故第一空填was;a number of...用作主语时,其后的谓语动词要用复数,故第二空填are,即答案为B。

七、考查there be句式中的主谓一致

在there be句式中,动词be不仅有时态上的变化,而且有单复数的变化:确定其时态的方法是看句子意思和句中的时间状语或其他相关时态;确定其单复数的方法是看与动词be最靠近的名词是单数还是复数。

【例1】Look, there ________ many students on the playground at the moment. (浙江衢州中考题)

A. is B. are C. was D. were

解析:there be句式中的be与其后的所接名词(其实是用作主语)保持一致,故可排除A和C;再根据句中的look和at the moment可知,句子应用一般现在时,即答案选B。

【例2】―Why are you late, Jim?

―Because there ________ a lot of traffic when I came here. (江苏泰州中考题)

A. is B. are C. was D. were

解析:因traffic(交通)为不可数名词,故此处的there be句式中的be用单数;再根据when I came here中的一般过去时可知,句子说的是过去的情况,故选C。

八、考查一段时间或一笔钱作主语时的主谓一致

当一段时间(如ten years)和一笔钱(如100 dollars)用作主语时,若是将其视为一个整体,其后的谓语动词应用单数。

【例1】― How soon can you finish this job?

― Two days ________ enough for me to finish the work. I need a week. (四川自贡中考题)

A. isn’t B. aren’t C. is D. are

解析:虽然句子主语two days为复数形式,但从句意来看,它在此是被作为一个整体看待的,故谓语动词应用单数,即可排除B和D;再根据句中的I need a week(我需要一周)可知,“两天”肯定是不够,故答案选A。

【例2】―How much is the pair of shoes?

―Twenty dollars ________ enough.(四川广安中考题)

A. is B. are C. am D. have

解析:根据句意,twenty dollars在此被看成一个整体,表示单数概念,故用is,即答案为A。

九、考查非谓语动词作主语时的主谓一致

当非谓语动词用作句子主语时,谓语动词原则上要用单数。同学们做题时要注意,非谓语动词若带有自己的宾语,且其宾语为复数形式,此时不要受此影响而误用复数谓语。

【例】Climbing hills _______ of great help to our health. (湖北十堰中考题)

A. was B. were C. is D. are

解析:句子主语climbing hills为动名词短语,故谓语动词要用单数形式,即答案为C。注意不要受climbing的宾语hills的影响而误用复数谓语。

十、综合考查主谓一致和其他语法知识

【例1】―Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.

―Sure. Many trees ________ every year. (四川广安中考题)

A. plant B. is planted C. are planted D. have planted

解析:由于trees与plant之间为被动关系,故句子应用被动语态,可排除A和D;又因为many trees为复数,故选C。

【例2】―I can’t find Ted for three days. Where is he?

―He ________ Beijing for a meeting. (广西玉林中考题)

A. has been to B. has gone to C. have been to D. have gone to

解析:由于说话者说三天没找到特德,这说明特德离开去其他地方了,故应用have gone to而不是用have been to,可排除A和C;又因为主语是单数,故选B不选D。