Diplomacy with Pandas
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Recently， when Chinese premier Li Keqiang went to a foreign country， he never forgot introducing China’s high-speed railway technologies to the country’s leaders， hoping to talk this country C usually a third-world country C into adopting Chinese high-speed railway system. People called him the most distinguished salesman in the world C a title he cherished very much since the high-speed railway has become a new resort for China’s diplomacy.
Using what’s special to a country as a diplomatic tool is an important part for every country in the world. China has enormous experiences in that field. Before the emerging highspeed railway technology， China C and foreign countries C is more used to a cuter， softer and more special diplomatic toolC the panda.
Panda is considered national treasure or incarnation of China. Moreover， it could only be found in China. Therefore， sending such a panda C maybe a couple of them to a foreign country C could be said to be the ultimately gift from the Chinese government and the result is usually better than showering a foreign country with other gifts， high-speed railway included. Li Keqiang’s promotion of high-speed railway technologies has been met with a lot of refusals， but no one has ever rejected the panda so far.
China embraced that diplomatic method long time ago. In the Tang Dynasty， both Queen Wu Zetian and Emperor Xuanzong sent “white bears”， which proved to be pandas， and their skins to the emperor of Japan.
In the modern society， the diplomacy has become increasingly important for any country involved in the world. During the period of Republic of China， the Chinese political leaders sent 14 pandas in total to Westerners. In 1941， Chiang Kai Shek and Soong May-ling sent a pair of pandas to the U.S. Association of Aiding Chinese Refugees. In 1946， the Kuomin- tang government sent a panda to the British government， which was considered to be the initiation of modern China’s custom of sending Pandas as the national gift.
In the period of People’s Republic of China， the harsh post-war political situation in the world and the special political system of China further highlighted the importance of pandas in the diplomatic mission. Where the panda went could represent the Chinese government’s diplomatic orientation.
In the 1950s， China formed an iron-like alliance with the Soviet Union and two pandas were sent to this “red” giant in that period. In the 1960s， China’s diplomacy was in dilemmaC the worsening relations with Soviet Union and its allies and the still-bad ties with the U.S. and other Western countries even pushed the panda into the list of “disfavor”. In these ten years， the Chinese government only sent one panda to DPR.
The panda regained its role as the “pet of world” C Chinese people would like to refer to it as the “peacemaker or emissary of the world” in the 1970s when the thawing of U.S.-China relationship could be marked as a milestone in the post-war period. A lot of “friends” or “allies” of the U.S. became highly interested in this animal. In 1972， when the former U.S. president Richard Nixon visited Beijing， China’s premier Zhou Enlai promised to send a couple of pandas to the U.S. government. In April 1972， two pandas arrived in D.C. as promised and soon became a popular topic for local people.
The two pandas represented the better relations between China and Westerners. In the same year then Japan got a panda after rebuilding the diplomatic relation with China. From 1973 to 1978， France， UK， West Germany， Mexico and Spain all got pandas from China.
The panda-driven diplomacy met a turning point after 1982. The deterioration of the environmental and ecological system for the panda led to the great reduction in the number of China’s “national treasure”. The Chinese government thusly stopped sending pandas to the foreign countries. As the reform and opening-up were fully initiated in 1984， the Chinese people’s minds were commercially armed even in the matter of pandas. They were no longer the “emissary of peace”， but the “commercial counselor of China”. Simply speaking， the Chinese government no longer sent the pandas to foreign countries as “free gifts”， but “leased” them to foreign countries.
During the Los Angeles Olympic Games in 1984， the Chinese government leased two pandas to the local zoo for a three-month itinerant exhibition. This was not only the support Chinese government gave to the Olympic Games in which Chinese players appeared after decades， but also marked the beginning of the history of pandas’ itinerant exhibition. From then on， the pandas in China were leased to foreign country for from several months to more than 10 years.
This rising trend downplayed the role of the panda as the“diplomatic emissary”. The leasing not only brought China the foreign exchange income， but also the opportunities for the Chinese people， especially the scientists to go abroad to study. The economic benefits were driving the U.S. and other countries as well. Zoos with pandas could easily earn more than millions of dollars. Therefore， New York and other big cities in the world were crazy and spared no money in renting pandas from China.
Even though the Chinese government claimed that most of the income from leasing pandas was put into the research into this animal for better protection of this species， some environmental protection organizations still criticized the Chinese government over this action since they believed that the leasing accompanied by relocating the pandas were to disrupt the physiological circle of pandas. For example， some of the pandas missed their rutting season as well as the opportunities to breed.
As the time goes by， the Chinese government is still adopting the method of leasing the pandas， which have already been given the title as the “cutest currency in the world”. The stories about pandas between China and foreign countries have been beyond the money， more and more organizations and institutions have already joined in the force to study into this animal for the better protection of it.