知识要点精析与精练(六)
开篇：润墨网以专业的文秘视角，为您筛选了一篇知识要点精析与精练(六)范文，如需获取更多写作素材，在线客服老师一对一协助。欢迎您的阅读与分享！
■
1. surprise 动词，意为“惊人、令人吃惊”。
What he does surprises everyone. 他所做的事令每个人吃惊。
【联想】 surprising 形容词，意为“令人吃惊的，惊讶的”，常用来修饰事物。
She has a surprising memory. 她记忆力惊人。
surprised形容词，意为“吃惊的，感到惊奇的”，常用来形容人。
She was very surprised when she saw this strange man.
当看到这个奇怪的人，她感到很惊讶。
【搭配】 be surprised to do sth.，be surprised at sth.，be surprised that
【易错提醒】 We are surprised at the surprising news on TV.（surprise）
我们在电视上看到那个惊人的新闻，感到吃惊。
解析：第一个空格是形容我们，是指人，所以用surprised，第二个空格是指电视上的新闻，修饰事物，所以用surprising。
【拓展】 to one？蒺s surprise，令某人吃惊的是……，这里的surprise 是名词。这个词组往往放在句首，修饰句子，作状语。如：To our surprise，she was the first to finish the work. 令我们吃惊的是，她第一个完成了工作。
2. same 形容词，意为“同一的，相同的”。
They are twins，they study in the same school. 他们是双胞胎，在同一所学校学习。
【易错提醒】 same修饰名词时，名词前面要加定冠词the。
They like the same colour. 他们喜欢同一种颜色。
【搭配】 be the same...as 与……同样
Lucy is the same age as Lily. 露西和莉莉同龄。
My coat is the same size as yours. 我的上衣尺寸和你一样大。
【联想】 same 的反义词是different，be different from 是“和……不同”。
【易错提醒】 different 修饰名词时，可数名词往往用复数。
They come from different countries，but they can understand each other.
他们来自于不同的国家，但他们能彼此理解。
3. afraid 形容词，意为“害怕的”。
When I see a snake，I feel very afraid. 当我看到蛇时，我感到很害怕。
【搭配】 be afraid of sth. 害怕某物/ 某事；be afraid of doing sth. 害怕干某事；be afraid to do sth. 害怕去做某事；be afraid that 后接宾语从句。
He is afraid of being late. 他害怕迟到。
I am afraid that I can？蒺t come to your birthday party. 我恐怕不能参加你的生日聚会了。
He is afraid to speak in class. 他害怕上课发言。
4. stop 动词，意为“停止”。
The bus stops，you can get off . 公共汽车停下来了，你可以下车了。
【易错提醒】 stop 的现在分词是stopping，过去式是stopped。
【搭配】 stop doing sth. 停止做某事
When the teacher came into the classroom，the students stopped talking.
当老师走进教室时，学生们停止讲话。
【拓展】 stop 还有另一个用法，stop to do sth. 意思为停下来去做某事，是指停止手中的事，去做另一件事。
He met one of his old friends on the way，he stopped to talk with him.
他在路上遇到了一个老朋友，他停下来和他说话。
stop还可以作名词，如：The bus stops at the bus stop. 公共汽车停靠在车站。第一个stop是动词，第二个stop是名词，意为“停靠站”。
5. usual 形容词，意为“通常的，平常的”。
He works hard as usual. 他像平常一样认真学习。
【联想】 反义词是unusual，副词是usually。
It is unusual for you to come home late. 你回家迟很不寻常。
We usually have lunch at twelve o？蒺clock. 我们通常12点吃午饭。
6. nobody 代词，意为“没有人，无人”。
Nobody can answer the question. It is too difficult. 没有人能回答这个问题，它太难了。
【联想】 nobody 作主语时，相当于no one；作宾语或表语时，相当于not anybody，表示没有人。如：Nobody is here. = No one is here. 没有人在这里。
I can see nobody in the room. = I can not see anybody in the room. 我没看见有人在房间里。
【拓展】 回答how many/ how much 提问时，一般用none，回答who 提问时，一般用nobody 或 no one。如：
― How many students are there in the playground？
―― 操场上有多少学生？
― None.
―― 一个没有。
― Who is in the classroom？
―― 谁在教室里？
― Nobody/ No one.
―― 没有人。
■
【原句再现1】 On their way home，they met Andy.
【结构解析】 on one？蒺s way to +地点，表示在某人去某地的路上，当地点是here ，there，home 等副词时，要省略介词to。one？蒺s是某人的，要随主语而变化，用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词。如：在他们回家的路上on their way home；在米莉上学的路上on Millie？蒺s way to school。
【句型运用】 翻译句子：我们经常在回家的路上聊天。
We often chat ______ ______ ______ ______.
【答案】 on our way home
【原句再现2】 Now I am not afraid of animals any more.
【结构解析】 not...any more 意为“不再”，相当于not...any longer，也相当于no more，no longer，但no more 和no longer 的位置是在be 动词后面，行为动词的前面。
【句型运用】 He is not late for school any more.（ 改为同义句 ）
He ______ ______ ______ late for school.
【答案】 is no more / is no longer
【原句再现3】 Fish sleep with their eyes open.
【结构解析】 with eyes open 为介词短语作伴随状语，这里的open为形容词，表示“打开的，睁开的”一种状态。
【句型运用】 翻译句子：他喜欢闭着眼睛听音乐。
He likes listening to music ______ ______ ______ ______.
【答案】 with his eyes closed
【原句再现4】 “What happened？” Andy asked.
【结构解析】 happen为不及物动词，What happened？意为：发生了什么事？如果说某人发生了什么事，应该说：What happened to sb.？
【句型运用】 翻译句子：你怎么了？为什么在哭？
What ______ ______ ______？ Why are you crying？
【答案】 happened to you
【原句再现5】 “Here it is，” Andy said to himself.
【结构解析】 say to oneself 意思是自言自语，oneself 是反身代词，主语和宾语一致时，用反身代词代替。
【句型运用】 “Be quick，or I？蒺m late.” She said to ______（her）.
【答案】 herself
【原句再现6】 Ants can smell things well.
【结构解析】 句中的smell 是行为动词，well是副词，表示嗅觉好。smell也可作连系动词，表示“闻起来……”后面接形容词。如，The meat smells good. 这肉闻起来很香。这里用good，不用well。
【句型运用】
（ ）1. Ants can smell things as ______ as dogs.
A. nice B. good C. well D. fine
（ ）2. You can？蒺t eat the fish，it smells______.
A. good B. well C. bad D. badly
【答案】 1. C 2. C
■
一般过去时
一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday，three days ago，last night，in 1990等等。一般过去时的句子中，动词要用过去式。动词的过去式有规则和不规则两类。
不规则动词也有四种变化规律：
一般过去时含有was，were 的肯定句，变否定句和疑问句时很简单，否定句在was，were后加not，疑问句把was，were 提前到句首。有行为动词过去式的句子，变否定句时在动词前加助动词didn？蒺t，动词要还原成原形，疑问句在句首加Did，动词也要还原成原形。
【语法运用】 按要求转换句型，每空一词
1. He did some homework last night.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答）
______ he ______ ______ homework last night？
2. He was in the room just now.（改为否定句）
He ______ ______ in the room just now.
3. We visited the museum last Sunday.（对划线部分提问）
______ ______ you ______ last Sunday？
4. I meet him on the way to school every day.（用yesterday替换时间every day）
I ______ him on the way to school ______.
【答案】 1. Did；do any 2. was not 3. What did；do 4. met；yesterday
【原题再现1】 ― What did you do yesterday evening，Gina？
― I ______ Titanic 3D in the City Cinema. （2012・温州）
A. watch B. watched C. am watching D. will watch
【答案解析】 本题考查一般过去时的用法，意思是Gina，你昨天晚上做什么的？我在城市电影院看泰坦尼克号3D电影。 问句是一般过去时，回答也应该用一般过去时。故选B。
【原题再现2】 I have been to Shanghai，I ______ there last month. （2012・天津）
A. go B. went C. have gone D. will go
【答案解析】 根据句意，我去过上海，我上个月去的那儿。后半句中有表示过去的时间上个月，属于过去发生的动作，所以应该用一般过去时，答案是go 的过去式，应该选B。
【原题再现3】 There ______ some flowers on the teacher？蒺s desk just now，but now there ______ nothing on it. （2012・武汉）
A. have；has B. were；was C. were；is D. has；has
【答案解析】 本题考查There be 结构，第一句是说讲台上刚才有一些花，just now 这个时间是刚才，用于一般过去时，第二句是说现在什么都没有，应该用一般现在时，故选C。
【原题再现4】 ― What did Mr Smith do before he came to China？
― He ______ in a car factory. （2011・山东）
A. works B. worked C. is working D. will
【答案解析】 句意：史密斯先生来中国前做什么的？他在一家汽车厂工作。本题问句是一般过去时，答句也应该用一般过去时，表达的是过去的动作，选B。
【原题再现5】 ― Lin Kai，hand in your homework，please.
― Oh，sorry. I ______ it at home this morning. （2011・ 广西贵港）
A. was leaving B. has left
C. will leave D. left
【答案解析】 本题考查的是根据语境选用正确时态。本句意思是：林凯，请把你的作业交上来。哦，对不起，今天早上我把它丢在家里了。今天早上是表示过去的时间，表示动作发生的时间，应该用一般过去时，所以答案选D。
【原题再现6】 根据首字母填空
Newton was sitting under an apple tree when an apple f______ on to his head. （2012・ 宁波）
【答案解析】 本题考查的是fall 的过去式，它是一个不规则的过去式，答案应该是fell。
【原题再现7】 用所给词的适当形式填空
I asked her if she was ready to go，and she ______（nod）. （2012・ 扬州）
【答案解析】 本题考查的是and 连接的句子，前后时态应该一致，前面一句是一般过去时，后一句也应该用一般过去时。所以这里应该填nod 的过去式，它是规则变化，答案应该是nodded。
【原题再现8】 改写句子
Lisa bought a souvenir（纪念品） in the Gift shop yesterday. （改为否定句）
Lisa ______ ______ a souvenir in the Gift shop yesterday. （2012・ 山东临沂）
【答案解析】 本题考查的是一般过去时态的陈述句如何改成否定句，有行为动词过去式的句子，用助动词didn？蒺t，特别注意的是动词要还原成原形。所以本题的答案应该是 didn？蒺t buy。
【原题再现9】 Susan followed Ben？蒺s advice to design smart shoes. （就划线部分提问）
______ advice ______ Susan follow to design smart shoes？（2012・上海）
【答案解析】 本题考点有两个，一是用正确的疑问词，二是用正确的助动词，本题对Ben？蒺s 提问，疑问词应该是whose（谁的），时态是一般过去时，助动词应该用did，所以本题的答案是 Whose，did。
一、 单项选择
（ ）1. Look！Is that ______ UFO in the sky？
A. a B. an C. the D. /
（ ）2. Without ______ a word，he left.
A. saying B. talking C. speaking D. telling
（ ）3. ______ knows anything about him，because he never tells us ______ about him.
A. Nobody；something B. Nobody；nothing
C. Nobody；everything D. Nobody；anything
（ ）4. The story happened ______ an evening of June.
A. on B. to C. in D. at
（ ）5. Ten minutes ago，there ______ an eraser，a pen and some books on the desk.
A. was B. were C. is D. be
（ ）6. He has _____ friends. He always stays at home alone.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
（ ）7. Why _____ he ______ yesterday evening？
A. don？蒺t；come B. doesn？蒺t；come C. didn？蒺t；come D. isn？蒺t；come
（ ）8. ______ you afraid of ______ late for school？
A. Are；be B. Do；be C. Are；being D. Do；being
（ ）9. Is there ______ in today？蒺s newspaper？
A. something interesting B. interesting something
C. anything interesting D. interesting anything
（ ）10. Mr Black is going to visit a girl，he ______ her in Japan last year.
A. meets B. met C. has met D. would meet
二、 词汇运用
A. 根据音标、汉语或首字母写出单词的正确形式。
1. They go to school early as ______.[？qju？蘼？廾u？藜l]
2. I told the policeman about that ______[streInd？廾] man.
3. The sun is over 300，000 times larger than the ______.[？藜？蘼？夼]
4. Do you know any fun f______ about the world？
5. S______ ，we heard a whisper from the bushes.
6. They listened c______，but heard nothing.
7. She is very w______，I must take her to the hospital.
8. Listen ！I have an ______（惊人的） story to tell you .
9. We ran away ______（快速地）.
10. When you ______（离开），please turn off the lights.
B. 根据句意，用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. There ______（be） a lot of work in their factory last year.
2. I ______（not write） a letter to Peter once a week last year.
3. Millie ______（ tell ）Andy everything just now.
4. He will meet a friend of ______（he） tomorrow.
5. ______（one） there was a man called Sandwich.
三、 完形填空
On Christmas Eve a few days ago，an English couple（夫妇），the Hardens，got a very special call. It was only a 20？鄄second call but it was very 1 . The Hardens？蒺 15？鄄year？鄄old daughter went 2 from home six months ago. On Christmas Eve she rang them. “I？蒺m phoning to wish you a happy Christmas，”she said，“I love you.” Ronals and Edwine Harden were so 3 that they started a special telephone service（服务） called “Alive and Well”. The service helps
4 to get in touch with children who have run away from home. Young people can phone “Alive and Well”and leave a message for their parents. The telephone are answered by answering machines. So 5 can speak to the child or make him return home. Parents of runaway children who are 6 eighteen can ask the police to bring their children home. So children do not want to tell their parents where they are. Through “Alive and Well” they can telephone their parents and they do not 7 about this or giving out their addresses. The Hardens and their helpers 8 the telephone messages and connect（联系） the addresses given. About 30，000 British teenagers have left home and many of them are probably in London. For only two pence（便士） they can go into a telephone coin box and 9 their parents. They can dial 5675339 and 10 a parent worry：Is he dead or alive？
（ ）1. A.interesting B. dangerous C. difficult D. exciting
（ ）2. A. away B. in C. back D. along
（ ）3. A. angry B. happy C. sad D. kind
（ ）4. A. teachers B. people C. parents D. friends
（ ）5. A. someone B. anyone C. everyone D. no one
（ ）6. A. at B. above C. over D. under
（ ）7. A. think B. worry C. talk D. hear
（ ）8. A. ask for B. listen to C. look up D. write down
（ ）9. A. remember B. hear C. call D. introduce
（ ）10. A. stop B. make C. feel D. leave
四、 阅读理解
If we find a bird nest（巢），we will have a good place of observing（观察） and knowing about birds.
Birds sit on eggs and take care of their baby birds from April to June. Because the baby birds are too young to leave the nest，mothers often leave and come back to the nest during the time to look for food. So it is good to observe birds. When we observe birds，we？蒺d better hide ourselves in a close place to the nest，and it？蒺s better to use binoculars（双筒望远镜）.
But how to make a bird nest？ It？蒺s very easy. If you want to make one，please follow these：
Making a nest：A good nest must be very fine，strong，thick and easy.
a） Each nest must have six boards. Don？蒺t make the boards too slippery（滑的）.
b） Dig（挖） a small hole in the front of the nest as a door. The “door” is from 3cm to 5cm. So the bird can fly in or out easily.
c） Make sure the rainwater doesn？蒺t go into the nest.
d） One piece of the boards should be easy to open.
e） Please don？蒺t forget to color the nest.
（ ）1. The most important thing in observing birds is to ______.
A. look for a place near the nest B. climb trees
C. write down notes every day D. make a bird nest
（ ）2. When we？蒺re observing birds，we have to hide ourselves to ______.
A. look after them B. use the binoculars
C. make them do everything as usual D. catch the birds at last
（ ）3. If we make the nest too slippery，______.
A. it？蒺s not strong
B. it？蒺s not easy to make
C. it？蒺s not very beautiful
D. it？蒺s very difficult for birds to hold or stand on
（ ）4. We should leave a hole in the front of the nest so that ______.
A. we can clean the nest
B. the birds can fly in or out
C. we can hang it easily
D. it？蒺s easy to make
（ ）5. What？蒺s the title of this passage？
A. Birds and men
B. Playing with the birds
C. Observing birds and making bird nests
D. Listening to the songs of birds
五、 书面表达
根据下面的中文提示，用英语完成一篇小短文。展开合理想象，可适当发挥，不少于70个词。
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Keys：
一、 1―5 AADAA 6―10 ACCCB
二、 A. 1.usual 2. strange 3. earth 4. facts 5. Suddenly 6. carefully 7.weak 8.amazing 9.quickly 10.leave
B. 1. was 2. didn？蒺t write 3. told 4. his 5. Once
三、 1―5 DABCA 6―10 DBDCA
四、 1―5 ACDBC
五、 Last Saturday，I went to Beijing Zoo. I saw many kinds of animals，like elephants，tigers and giraffes，and I learnt a lot about the animals？蒺 life habits. They were very interesting，and they were full of amazing things. For example，we can teach the parrots to speak，we can see kangaroos only in Australia，they can jump very high and quickly. I had a good time with my classmates in the zoo. On my way home，I think we can not feed the animals in the zoo carelessly，we must learn to protect the animals，because animals are our friends.
背景知识
我是北极熊，是你们的好朋友，来自寒冷的北极，有着厚厚的皮毛，大家来认识一下我吧！
・I usually live on the sea ice and I am able to spend a lot of time in water just like my family members.
・I spend a lot of time roaming but may settle down here and there. But my fur and a thick layer of blubber make it so I don？蒺t need a real house.
・I am very large with a huge，furry body. My feet are designed for walking on ice and have five sharp claws made for holding onto food. My stiff hair and fur help me swim well.
・I am almost all white，although my fur may turn yellow in summer.
・I am one of the world？蒺s largest land predators. I？蒺m also the biggest member of my family.
・I can weigh more than 1，500 pounds（about 680 kilograms） but usually only get as large as 800 pounds（about 360 kilograms）.
・I normally eat seals but also can dine on walruses，mussels or even berries and seaweed.
・Because I live in very cold places，few people bother me. I sometimes have problems with human hunters and oil drilling where I live. But I normally just ignore people.
・I？蒺m very smart and am a great hunter and problem solver. I？蒺m also an awesome swimmer and diver and have excellent underwater vision.
译文
・我通常生活在海洋的冰上，而且我和我的家人能在水中呆很长时间。
・大部分时间我都在漫步，但是也可能在这儿或那儿安顿下来。我的皮毛和厚厚的脂肪层使得我可以这样，所以我并不需要一座真正的房子。
・我有一个巨大的长着毛皮的身躯。我的脚专门适合在冰上行走，五个尖尖的爪子用来抓住食物，硬硬的头发和皮毛有利于我很好地游泳。
・我几乎纯白色，但在夏天，我的皮毛可能会变黄。
・我是世界上最大的陆生食肉动物之一，我也是家族中个头最大的成员。
・我体重能超过1500多磅（约680公斤），但通常我也就长到800磅（约360公斤）。
・我通常吃海豹，但也能吃海象，蚌类，甚至是浆果和海藻。
・因为我住的地方非常寒冷，所以几乎没有人打扰我。有时，因为人类捕猎、在我住的地方钻油等也会产生不愉快，但我通常不去理睬他们。
・我非常聪明，是个好猎手和解决问题的能手。我也是很棒的游泳能手和潜水能手，我具有极好的水下视觉。
动物谚语
你知道这些“动物”表达的意思吗？
1. pig（猪）
He really made a pig of himself at the party. 他在宴会上不顾一切地大吃大喝。
2. dog（狗）
He led a dog？蒺s life. 他过着贫苦生活。 Every dog has its day. 凡人皆有得意时。
3. horse（马）
― Who told you he was leaving？ ― I heard it straight from the horse？蒺s mouth. 谁告诉你他要走了？我直接听他说的。
4. tiger（老虎）
They worked like a tiger on the farm. 他们在农场里热火朝天地干活。
5. cat（猫）
You had better see how the cat jumps first and then decide. 您最好先观望一下形势，然后再做决定。
6. rabbit（兔子）
I？蒺m just a rabbit at tennis. 我打网球不在行。
7. elephant（大象）
The teacher told us not to have an elephant to keep. 老师叫我不要背上沉重的包袱。
8. monkey（猴子）
Don？蒺t get your monkey up，you should be friendly to them. 不要发脾气，你应该对他们友好。
9. ant（蚂蚁）
You had ants in your pants a moment ago. 刚才你坐立不安。
10. fish（鱼）
I have other fish to fry. 我还有别的事要做。