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女性生殖道感染支原体的情况及耐药性分析

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[摘要] 目的 了解女性非淋菌性阴道炎患者生殖道支原体感染状况及支原体抗菌药物的敏感性,指导临床合理用药。 方法 选取我院2014年1~12月妇科送检的3902例生殖道分泌物标本,采用珠海迪尔生物工程有限公司生产的支原体分离培养药敏试剂盒进行型别鉴定及药敏试验。 结果 支原体总阳性感染率为55.1%,解脲脲原体(Uu)、人型支原体(Mh)及Uu+Mh 混合感染的阳性率分别为67.4 %、4.7%、27.9%。药敏结果显示,支原体对交沙霉素、美满霉素、强力霉素的敏感性较高,其敏感率分别为100%、91.6%、91.2%,对环丙沙星耐药率最高(82.8%);阿奇霉素、罗红霉素、克拉霉素等大环内酯类常用药物,虽对单纯Uu感染的敏感性高,但是对有Mh感染时抗菌活性差,应用时应慎重考虑。 结论 交沙霉素、美满霉素、强力霉素可作为治疗支原体感染的经验用药,对于不同类型的支原体的感染,临床医师应根据药物敏感试验报告合理选择抗菌药物。

[关键词] 生殖道感染;支原体;药敏试验

[中图分类号] R711.3 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2016)01(c)-0108-03

[Abstract] Objective To understand the genital tract Mycoplasma infection status and sensitivity of Mycoplasma antibacterial drugs of female patients with non-gonoccus vaginitis to guide clinical rational drug use. Methods 3902 genital tract secretions samples inspected by department of gynecology from January 2014 to December 2014 were selected.Mycoplasma isolation culture drug sensitivity kit produced by Zhuhai Deere biological engineering co., Ltd., was used to conduct type identification and drug sensitive test. Results The total positive infection rate of Mycoplasma was 55.1% and positive rate of Uu,Mh and mixed infection of Uu+Mh was 67.4 %,4.7% and 27.9% respectively.The drug sensitivity results showed that josamycin,minocycline and doxycycline had higher sensibility to Mycoplasma and the sensitive rate was100%,91.6% and 91.2% respectively.Ciprofloxacin had the highest drug resistance rate (82.8%) in Mycoplasma.Large ring lactone class commonly used drugs liked azithromycin,roxithromycin and clarithromycin,through had higher sensitive to simple Uu infection,they had poor antibacterial activity to Mh infection.So it should be considered when applied. Conclusion Josamycin,minocycline and doxycycline can be the empirical antibiotics for Mycoplasma infection.For different types of Mycoplasma infection,the doctors should be chose antimicrobial reasonable according to drug sensitive test report.

[Key words] Genital tract infection;Mycoplasma;Drug sensitive test

支原体(Mycoplasma)是一类缺乏细胞壁,呈高度多形性,能通过滤菌器,可在无生命培养基中生长繁殖的最小原核细胞型微生物,解脲脲原体(Uu)、人型支原体(Mh)和生殖支原体(Mg)可引起人类的泌尿生殖道感染,故合称为泌尿生殖道支原体,是非淋菌性尿道炎(NGU)的主要病原微生物,且感染率越来越高,已引起临床高度重视[1-2],临床以Uu、Mh最常见,支原体感染泌尿生殖道后可能导致NGU、宫颈炎、盆腔炎、输卵管炎、流产、出生缺陷、死胎、不孕不育等严重后果[3-5],给患者带来痛苦。近年来,支原体感染呈上升趋势,且多数女性患者的症状轻微或无症状,加之抗生素的广泛使用,耐药株也在不断增多,给临床诊疗带来较大困难,为了解本地区女性患者的支原体感染情况及其抗菌药物的耐药性,对我院妇科送检的3902份生殖道分泌物进行支原体培养与药敏结果分析

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

2014年1~12月,选取妇科因生殖道炎症就诊的非淋菌性阴道炎患者3902例,年龄16~55岁。由临床妇科医生使用女性专用拭子,先擦去宫颈口多余黏液,再用另一个拭子在宫颈管内1~2 cm处采集宫颈分泌物样本后立即送检。