浅谈as和which引导的非限定性定语从句
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【中图分类号】G424.1 【文献标识码】B【文章编号】2095-3089（2012）13-0271-01
高中学生在学习定语从句时，对as和which引导的定语从句解题运用中，总有些混淆。现将as和 which 的用法归纳如下：
As引导的限定性定语从句，构成的句型有：the same …as； as…as； such…as； so…as
（1）. It is the same story as I heard from her yesterday.
这故事跟我昨天从她那儿听到的相同。
（2）.Such girls as he knew were nurses.
她认识的那些女孩是护士。
（3）.He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find.
他要尽可能找漂亮的女孩结婚。
（4）.Here is no difficult a problem as none of us can solve.
这个问题太难，我们无法解决。
As 引导的非限定性的定语从句与which的区别。
1. 用来引导非限定性定语从句时，可以指代整个主句的内容，as和which可以换用.
He turned out to be very successful， which（as） was more than we could expected.
他竟然成功了，这一点我们没有预料到。
He saw the play， as （which） he had hoped.
他看了这出戏剧，这是他所盼望的事。
2. as 用来应当非限定性定语从句，只指代整个主句的内容，从句可置于句首，句中，或句尾.
As is known to all ， Edison invented the telephone.
=Edison inventd the telephone，as is known to all.
=Edison ，as is known to all， invented the telephone.
众所周知，爱迪生发明了电话。
3.非限定性定语从句中的谓语为被动式时，常用as作主语。如：be said /known/announced/reported/discussed 等等。
Grammar， as has been said before ， is not a set of dead rules.
正如前面所说的，语法不是一套死规则。
As is known to all， Taiwan is a part of China.
众所周知，台湾是中国的一部分。
4.As引导的非限定性定语从句，有“如、似、正如”的含义。因此，下面的句式中多用as。
as has been said above 如上所说
as anybody can see 正如人人都看到的那样
as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样
as seems likely 似乎可能
as I remember （it） 如同往常一样
as （it） appears 正如看出的
（1）Things are not always as they appear.事情并不总像从外表看到的那样。
（2）The work is making as much progress as can be expected .
这项工作的进展很理想. 5. which引导非限定性定语从句，指代整个主句内容时，从句只能置于尾。
The decision was postponed， which was exactly what he wanted .
决议延期作出，这正是他所要求的 。
6. which引导的非限定性定语从句，指代主句中的一个词（即先行词），从句置于先行词之后，可在句中或句尾。
The football match ，which I watched yesterday ， is very interesting .
我昨天看的那场足球赛非常有趣。
7.which 引导的非限定性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容 ，从句的谓语带有宾语，有待还带有宾语补足语。
（1）After that things improved， which astonished me .
后来事情有了进展，这使我很吃惊。
（2） Water changes into steam， which is known to be a physical change.
水变成 蒸气，这被认为是一种物理变化 。
8. which引导的非限定性定语从句 ，指代整个主句的内容，从句的意思与主句相反，即从句维否定式或带有否定前缀的形容词。
（1）She was very patient towards the children ，which her husband seldom was .
她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。
（2）He can write a letter in English ，which I cannot.
他能用英文写信，而我不能。
（3）He has married again ，which was unexpected.
他又结婚了，这是没有预料到的。
Practice：
1.The British are not familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things ，is often the case.
A. as B.that C，so D.it
2.Sometimes the earthquake is so violent that it can destroy the whole city happened in Tangshan in 1976.
A. as B.that C. where D.like
3.The writer has written quite a few books now，his teachers and parents didn`t expect.
A.that B. as C.of which D. which
4. Such things you described are rare now.
A. as B.who C.that D.which
5. is mentioned above ， the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.
A. It B.As C.That D. What
6. The Beatles， many of you are old enough to remember ， came from Liverpool.
A. what B.that C.how D.as
7. Last week the teacher asked us so difficult a question none of us could answer.
A. as B. which C. that D. what
8. She wore， was very uncommon in the country ，a white pair of shoes.
A. which B.that C. as D，what
9.Advertising can increase product sales， has long been proved.
A.it B. as C.as it D.what
10.is often the case， we have worked out the production plan.
A. As B.What C.It D.Which
Keys：
1.A 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.A
总之，“比较型”题型众多，解决这些问题时，应从问题的结构特征入手，多角度，多层次地思考，仔细分析数量关系，揭示题设与结论之间的联系，结合所学概念、性质、定理、公式等确定科学的解题方法，同时平时注意收集各种解题技巧和方法，加强练习和训练，使问题得以解决。