应用文阅读理解技巧点拨

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应用文是日常工作和生活中的常用文体，一般可分为两大类：一类是叙述性应用文，例如书信、日记、便条、请柬等；另一类是说明性应用文，包括广告、启事、海报、说明书等。应用文类阅读理解重在考查考生获取、分辨、整合、加工和表述信息的能力，故成为近年来高考英语阅读理解中的“常客”。因此，了解此类试题的命题特点及其解题技巧，对于考生提高高考阅读理解能力十分重要。

一、高考应用文类阅读理解的命题特点

1. 语言简练，文章短小精悍，具有很强的实用性。一般不会出现与所述问题无关的文字。

2. 语言规范，格式固定。应用文是人们在长期的生产、生活中形成的一种实用文体，故其语言规范，不可随意用词，如招聘类文章标题用Wanted, 失物招领用Found, 通知用Notice。此外，很多应用文也形成了其固定的格式。如新闻报导类、广告类。

3. 设问顺序一般按照文章段落的顺序，设问形式以细节题为主。

二、高考应用文类阅读理解的解题策略

高考英语应用文主要考查学生提取信息和处理信息的能力：既考查对特定细节的选取、排除、类比、综合，又注重考查推理判断的能力，题目设置相对容易。针对这些题型，运用有针对性的解题策略能帮助考生更好地答题。

1． 题干查读法

应用文类阅读理解通过对某一方面信息的全面介绍，以满足各种人对各类信息的需求。但在试题考查中，通常就某一点提问，以细节理解为主。因此，考生没必要逐字逐句通篇阅读。在做此类题时宜采用“题干查读法”，即先阅读题干，然后根据问题的要求，按照题目顺序依次有针对性地结合题干中的关键词到文中定位，阅读相关部分并快速寻找有效信息。再将原文和选项进行比较。当问题与原文材料相同的时候，对号入座；如果问题与原文不同，则可以使用同义替换、归纳事实等方法。

2． 补全成分法

应用文具有简洁、实用的特点，文中常出现大量的省略词和省略句。对于影响语境理解的省略情况，我们应将省略句补全，从而更加准确地理解其意思。

3． 信息加工法

信息加工法主要用于词义或句意推测题。此类题目需要考生对原文相关信息作正确理解，并通过推理判断或是计算，对信息进行再加工。

4． 排除法

排除法在应用文阅读中使用也比较多。考生可以根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容。然后仔细对照，排除与文章内容不一致的错误信息，从而确定正确选项。

三、实战演练

The 11th China International Consu-mer Goods Fair Invitation

Dear Sir / Madam：

China International Consumer Goods Fair（CICGF）, co-sponsored by Ministry of Commerce PRC and Zhejiang Provincial People’s Government, is one of the four largest import and export fairs in China, which is held in the famous harbor city of Ningbo in June every year.

In the past 10 successful sessions, CICGF has organized over 10,000 exhibitors from 30 provinces and municipalities nationwide, the fair’s exhibitors consisted mainly of manu-facturing enterprises, and the fair has attracted more than 120,000 buyers from 110 countries and regions.

The 11th CICGF (CICGF 2012) will be held from June 8 to 11, 2012. With a total exhibiting area of 125,000 sqm, the 11th CICGF will be divided into 5 sections: Home Appliances and Electronics; Textiles and Garments; Sports Products, Outdoors and Recreational Products; Household Articles and Gifts; International Pavilion and Trade Service.

Free shuttle buses will be available for overseas visitors between Shanghai Pudong International Airport, Hongqiao Airport and People’s Plaza and Ningbo during the fair. You are invited to attend the fair, either as buyers or as exhibitors.

Overseas merchants online registration, access to invitations

Contact Information:

Office, Organizing Committee,

China International Consumer Goods Fair

190 Lingqiao Rd,Ningbo, 315000, China

Marketing: 86-574-87178074 / 87178075

Contact: Ms. Tang (Jency), Ms. Chi

Exhibiting: 86-574-87178078 / 87178077

Contact: Ms. Yang, Mr. Pei

Fax: 86-574-87327443

Http:// www.省略

E-mail: trade@cicgf.省略

For exhibits inspection and quarantine details, please visit the exhibitor service section at www.省略

1. How many visitors have attended CICGF in the past 10 years according to the passage？

A. 100,000 B. 110,000

C. 120,000 D. 130,000

2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. CICGF is the fourth largest import and export fair in China.

B. The 9th CICGF was held in Ningbo in June, 2011.

C. Free shuttle buses will be available for all visitors between Shanghai Pudong International Airport, Hongqiao Airport and People’s Plaza and Ningbo during the fair.

D. The exhibiting area of the 11th CICGF will consist of 5 sections.

3. How many ways can a businessman use to make contact with the Organizing Committee of CICGF?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 10

答案与解析

1. D。信息加工法。将第二段两个数字10,000和120,000相加，可得总数。

2. D。排除法。A项中the fourth largest...与原文中one of the four largest...不一致。B项应该是在2010年。C项中all visitors与原文中overseas visitors不一致。D项与原文the 11th CICGF will be divided into 5 sections信息一致。

3. C。题干查读法。根据题干中... make contact with... 查找到文中信息Contact Information，可知有电话、传真Fax、电子邮件E-mail，共三种方式。