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浅谈主谓一致的种种情形

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在英语中,最基本、最重要的一致关系大概是主语和谓语之间的一致性。英语句子里,主语的单、复数形式决定着谓语动词的形式。现将几种常见的特例列举如下:

1.如果一个谓语动词有两个主语,其中一个是肯定的,另一个是否定的,则谓语动词必定与肯定的主语相一致。

I,not you,am the right man to carry out the research.

是我,而不是你,最适合进行研究工作。

Xiao Wang , not his parents is my student.

是小王,而不是他父母,是我的学生。

2.由there和 here引导的句子,谓语动词一般与最邻近的那个主语的数相一致。

There is a pen ,two pencils and some books on the table.

桌子上有一支钢笔,两支铅笔和几本书。

There are two pencils ,a pen and some books on the table.

桌子上有两支铅笔,一支钢笔和几本书。

3.在“one of+复数名词或代词 + 定语从句”结构中,定语从句的谓语动词常用复数。

He is one of those persons who always think they are right.

他是那种总认为自己是正确的人之一。

但,当one之前有the 或the very ,the only等限定词时,定语从句中的谓语动词用单数。如:

She is the only one of the engineers who is expert at German.

她是那些工程师中唯一懂德语的人。

4.当“more than one +单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。

More than one person has made the suggestion.

不止一人提出了这项建议。

但在“more +名词复数+than one”结构中,谓语动词用复数。如:

More persons than one committing such crimes have been shot. 犯这种罪被处决的不止一人。

5.从句作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。

That she will come to the party is certain.

她出席晚会的事已定下了。

How you got here doesn’t concern me.

你怎么到这儿与我无关。

但,what从句作主语时,需根据概念上一致的原则决定动词的数。如:

What we need is more time.

What we need are more books.

6.学科名词,如:mathematics ,physics, politics等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

Mathematics is the queen of the sciences.

数学是科学之皇后。

但其前若有物主代词修饰,则通常视为复数。

My physics are weak. 我的物理比较差。

7.当“this kind of +名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词取单数。但在“名词复数+of this kind”结构中,谓语动词则用复数。

This kind of apples is highly priced.

Apples of this kind are highly priced.

这种苹果价钱很高。

8.作为整体看待的表示“度量衡”、“时间”等名词词组作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

Do you think five dollars is enough?

你认为五美元足够了吗?

Four weeks is a good vacation.四星期是个好假期。

9.当“one and a half+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

One and a half bananas is left on the table.

桌子上还有一个香蕉。

One and a half apples is bad.一个半苹果坏了。

10.当“几分之几或百分之几+ of +名词”作主语时,应根据 后面的名词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。

More than 70 %of the surface of the earth is covered by water.

大约百分之七十以上的地球表面是被水覆盖着的。

About one third of the students of that school are League members.

那个学校大约三分之一的学生是共青团员。

11.“many a +名词单数”作主语,谓语动词用单数。

Many a man has devoted his life to the cause of revolution.

许多人为了革命事业而献身。

Many a boy has his toygun.

许多小孩都有玩具枪。

12.如果名词词组中心词是all,most ,half或the rest ,the remainder等,其主谓关系一般遵循意义一致的原则,如果所指为复数,动词用复数;是单数,动词用单数。

Half of the fruit is bad.一半水果腐烂了。

Half of the pupils are girls.有一半学生是女生。

The rest of the lecture is dull.其余的讲演内容单调乏味。

The rest of the bikes are on sale today.其余的自行车今天出售。