浅谈高考英语单项填空的几种解题思路
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随着高考阅读量的加大以及新教学理念的实施,在教学中师生都很重视阅读训练,效果也非常显著｡但与此同时,单项填空题成了学生的弱项｡从一定意义上说,单项填空题真正考察了学生的语感及能力,是学生整体语言水平的一个重要体现｡反之,如果不重视这个题,学生的阅读理解水平就会受到一定限制｡因此,我们有必要对这个类型的题目的做法探讨一下｡
一､信息暗示法｡根据题干和选项所提供的信息解题,是一个从信息的捕捉到信息的整理､理解,到合理的信息反馈的过程｡例如:
1. ――Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?
――No, it _______ be him――I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.
A. can’tB. must notC. won’tD. may not
分析:只看四个选项,好像哪个都可以｡但再看“I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.”,就只能选A｡因为这个句子给予了最重要的提示｡
2. We haven’t enough books for _______; some of you will have to share.
A. somebodyB. anybodyC. everybodyD. nobody
分析:从后面一个分句看出只能选C｡
这种类型的题目中,不填空的那一部分不能忽视,它往往起着决定作用,所以一定要把所提供的所有信息都考虑进去｡
二､排除法,又称筛选法｡即将若干选项进行对比,将几个错误的排除,或者排除同类项,逐步缩小范围｡这种方法适用于没有把握的题目｡例如:
John, look at the time. ________ you play the piano at such a late hour?
A. Must B. CanC. MayD. Need
分析:从语气和意义看应选A｡说话者有点不耐烦说:“你非要在这么晚的时间弹钢琴吗?”
情态动词的用法是每年考查的项目之一,也是学习的难点之一｡要想选出正确的答案,需要从语境､意义､语感和语气等方面综合考虑｡
三､优选法｡根据题意和选项,结合语境和英语表达习惯,选出符合句意及语境的最佳答案｡例如:
1. ――It’s getting late. I’m afraid I must be going now.
――Ok. _______.
A. Take it easy B. Go slowly
C. Stay longer D. See you
分析:独立看选项均无语法错误,但从英汉语言习惯看B和C为汉语式,而A不符合英语交流习惯｡对于英美人而言,别人离开时应表示“道别”,所以答案为D｡
2. ――Would you like some more tea?
―― _______, please.
A.No more B.Just a little
C.I’ve had enough D.Yes, I would
分析:答案是B｡C和D选项均属汉语思维方式,A项与后面的please搭配不合适｡
口头交际英语是每年考查的项目之一,要求考生多了解英美语言习惯,摆脱汉语的影响｡
四､还原法,即句子成分分析法｡有时设计者故意把句子结构复杂化,以干扰他人的视线｡这时就需要我们根据意义准确找出主干结构,把句子简单化,根据选项在句子中的功能,选出在句意和语法上均无错误的答案｡例如:
1. Anyway, that evening, _______ I'll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel's place.
A. when B. where C. whatD. which
分析:此题选D｡这个句子的主干是that evening I ended up staying at Rachel's place｡而which I'll tell you more about later是非限定性定语从句,which作about的宾语｡
2. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, ______ in the clothing industry.
A.is working B.works C.work D.worked
分析:此题中especially those from the countryside是插入语,主语部分是a large number of women,又有时间状语nowadays,所以应选C｡
在遇到较复杂句子时经常采用这一方法,倒装句可还原成陈述句,复合句可以简化｡总之,在很多时候采用还原法是一种捷径｡
五､分析比较法｡根据题干和选项的特点进行对比分析,选出最佳答案｡例如:
1. Put on more clothes. It is snowing ______ outside.
A. strong B. heavy
C. stronglyD. heavily
分析:题干中snow为不及物动词,其后需接副词作状语,A､B可排除｡表示“下大雪､大雨”应用副词heavily或hard｡故正确答案为D｡
2. ――Oh dear! I’ve just broken a window.
――________. It can’t be helped.
A. Never mind B. All right
C. That’s fineD. Not at all
分析:根据句意,由“It can’t be helped”可看出,所填句子应是表示“安慰对方”的用语,所以B､C､D三项从意义上不符合语境,应选A｡
六､逻辑搭配惯用法｡根据语言固有的规律,进行逻辑推理,同时兼顾语法本身的搭配和习惯,选出最佳答案｡例如:
1. I hope to ________ with the others of our class in study.
A. go onB. catch up
C. fall behindD. get angry
分析:根据句意和四个选项的意义,应表示“赶上别人”之意,A不合句意,C､D搭配和句意不合｡故答案为B｡
2. _________, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.
A.General speaking B.Speaking general
C.Generally speaking D.Speaking generally
分析:“一般来说”在英语中应用C,这是习惯表达法｡
七､语感加推理法｡有的题我们一读就能选出答案,这就是语感的作用｡而有的高难度题目,在不会选的时候,就可以凭语感去选｡还有的题目需要根据常识和习惯去推理和推敲｡例如:
You must keep on working in the evening, ______ you are sure you can finish the task in time.
A.asB.if C.when D.unless
分析:此题凭语感和意义就知道应该选D｡
以上就各种方法分别阐述了一下｡其实,在做题目的时候我们很有可能几种方法并用,而且不同的人在做同一个题目时可以采用不同的方法｡但无论是哪种方法,关键是要体会语境,要捕捉各种可能的信息,仔细考虑字里行间所含有的隐含意义,在对四个选项进行比较之后选出符合句意､习惯和语法等方面的最佳答案｡
专项练习
1. ――This returned Chinese scholar has become one of the top experts in this field.
――Yes. I know him very well. He ______ in Africa with wild animals for eight years.
A. has workedB. was working
C. workedD. has been working
2. ―― I rang you at about nine, but there was no reply.
―― Oh, that was probably _______ I was seeing the doctor.
A. whyB. whenC. whatD. that
3. ―― I don’t feel like going out. Why don’t we just stay at home and watch TV instead?
―― ______ You promised to take me out for dinner and to the theatre on my birthday.
A. I don’t think so.B. Why me
C. Come on!D. Not at all.
4. ―― You realize that you were driving at 100 miles per hour, don’t you?
―― No, officer! I ______ have been. This car can’t do more than 70.
A. needn’t B. couldn’t
C. shouldn’tD. might not
5. I was just talking to Margaret when Jackson _______.
A. cut inB. cut down
C. cut outD. speak out
6. The world is changing fast. I strongly believe that one will easily fall behind ______ he keeps on learning.
A. unlessB. ifC. whenD. as
7. ―― Mr. Smith, I wonder if I could take the Friday off?
―― ______? It’s a bit difficult with so many people away on holiday, you know.
A. Why are you doing soB. Do you really have to
C. Where are you going D. Do you feel it necessary
8. _______ the window, my finger was seriously cut.
A. Having cleaned B. To clean
C. While cleaningD. While I was cleaning
9. ―― Catherine, everyone was at the two-hour concert except you.
―― Sorry, but I ______ my mother , cleaning up the whole apartment.
A. was helpingB. had helped
C. helped D. am helping
10. When you go abroad for further study, you should learn to adapt to the ______ of the destination country.
A. customs B. habits C. practiceD. instruction
答案:1-5 CBCBA 6-10 ABDAA