将来完成时例析

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将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间或某一动作前已经完成或一直持续的动作或状态，经常与“before+将来时间”或“by/until/till+将来时间”连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。将来完成时的基本形式为：be going to/shall/ will+ have done。

1.重复事件：表示在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作，并在该时刻之前的一段时间内重复发生。如：

Before they come，we will have eaten three apples.

例1 I am sure he _______ ten telephone calls before you arrive there.

A. will have answered B. answered

C. had answered D. answer

解析：选A。before you arrive there是明确表示将来的时间状语，主句表示在这个时间以前累计接电话的次数，因此用将来完成时。

2.延续事件：表示在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作，一直延续到该时刻，并可能继续延续下去。如：

I will have taught English in this school for five years by the end of next year.

例2 The conference _______ a full week by the time it ends.

A. must have lasted B. will have lasted

C. would last D. has lasted

解析：选B。句子表示动作的持续，会议将持续一整周，因此用将来完成时。

3.单一事件：表示在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作，到该时刻之前已经完成。如：

I suppose by the time I come back in ten years’time all these old houses will have been pulled down.

例3 By the end of next month，I _______ enough money for a holiday.

A. will save B. will be saving

C. will have saved D. have saved

解析：选C。by the end of next month是明确表示将来的时间状语，主句表示在这个将来时间前完成的动作，可以理解为单一事件，因此应用将来完成时。

4.表示比较肯定的推测，类似于must have done结构。如：

The kids will have arrived at the school by now.

相当于：The kids must have arrived at the school by now.

1.将来完成时与将来进行时

将来进行时表示将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情，可以是推测或想象将来某一时刻正在做什么或者处于什么状态。将来进行时的基本形式是be going to/will/shall be doing，常与soon，this evening，on Sunday，by this time tomorrow，in two days， tomorrow evening等短语连用。

将来完成时：强调到将来某时为止，已经完成或累计完成的动作或者状态，强调结果。

将来进行时：强调将来某时将正在进行的动作或状态，强调进行中。如：

By five o’clock this afternoon the spaceship will have travelled eleven times round the world. （强调累计完成的动作）

I’ll be lying on the beach enjoying sunshine in Australia by next Monday.（强调那个时候将正在进行的动作）

2.将来完成时与将来完成进行时

将来完成进行时表示动作从某一时间（过去或现在）开始，一直延续到将来某一时间。将来完成时和将来完成进行时，形式上稍有不同，前者为be going to/shall/will have done，后者是be going to/shall/will have been doing。

将来完成进行时：表示从某时开始到将来的某一时间段内一直做某事，强调动作的持续。

将来完成时：既可表示动作的持续，又可表示动作的完成，强调在将来的某一时间点之前会完成的动作，或在另一件事发生之前一个动作的完成。如：

We will have been eating at least for 20 minutes before he arrives.（强调他到时，“吃”这个动作已经持续了20分钟）

We will have finished our dinner when/before he arrives.（强调他到时，“吃”这个动作将已终止）

将来完成时表示动作的持续时，通常使用非延续性动词，但也可使用work/live/teach/study等延续性动词。如：

Tom will have worked here for 15 years by March next year.（强调累计结果）

Tom will have been working here for 15 years by March next year.（强调未间断）

1.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用现在完成时表示将来完成时。如：

The children will do their homework the moment they will have arrived home.（误）

The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived home.（正）

2.非延续性动词不宜与进行时态连用，因此在含将来完成进行时的肯定句中，谓语动词一定要用延续性动词。

Robert will have been getting his driver’s license for over two years.（误）

Robert will have had his driver’s license for over two years.（正）

1. I just have two more courses before I graduate from university. By this time next year，I _______，and I will be looking for a job.

A. will be graduating B. will have graduated

C. graduated D. had graduated

2. My father and I are painting our house now. By the time you stop by tomorrow，we _______ our painting.

A. will have finished B. will be finishing

C. finished D. had finished

3. I won’t be able to attend the meeting tonight because I _______ a class then.

A. must have

B. will be teaching

C. teach

D. will have taught

4. Jason will be tired when he gets home because he _______ for over an hour.

A. will be playing football

B. will have been playing

C. has played

D. will play

5. By next Friday，I _______ my gift from my uncle.

A. will be receiving

B. will have been receiving

C. will have received

D. will receive

参考答案：1～5 BABBC（责任编校 彭益）