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高考现在分词考查例析

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众所周知,非谓语动词是高考的重难点、热点、常考点。这是由非谓语动词在句中所作的成分决定的。现在分词及其短语在高考中多方面体现了它的功能。现就现在分词在2012年高考中的考查举例分析:

1. 现在分词短语作时间状语的考查

现在分词短语在句首作状语,可作条件状语、时间状语、原因状语等,相当于一个状语从句。

(1) in a long queue,we waited for the store to open to buy a new iPad.(2012陕西15)

A. Standing B. To stand C. Stood D. Stand

解析:依据结构分析,该题考查非谓语动词形式。由所给选项动词是不及物动词以及与主语的关系,只能选用主动形式,而B项不定式在句首一般做目的状语,与句意不符,因此选择A项现在分词作时间状语。

(2)to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.(2012重庆23)

A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked

解析:该题通过句意分析是一个完成了的动作,且所给选项中的动词与句子主语之间是动宾关系,由此应选A项。这是现在分词短语作原因状语的考查。用having done 或not having done 表明该动作先于句子谓语的动作,或持续了一段时间。

(3)Pressed from his parents,and that he has wasted too much time,the boy is determined to stop playing video games.(2012福建34)

A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized

解析:该题由所给动词realize 与句子主语the boy之间的关系及realize 是一个表心理的动词,可知应用主动形式的两个答案,且根据时态确定正确项为A项。而学生容易根据pressed误选B项。

(4)an important decision on emotion than on reason,you will regret it sooner or later.(2012江苏31)

A. Based B. Basing C. Base D. To base

解析:依据结构分析考查非谓语动词。选项中动词base与句子主语you之间是主动关系,应用答案A或C。不定式的选项与句意不符,B项Basing现在分词短语作条件状语成立。

2. 现在分词及其短语作伴随状语的考查 现在分词短语作伴随状语,在句子之后,常用表心理或身体动作的动词。

He got up late and hurried to his office, the breakfast untouched.(2012天津11)

A. left B.to leave C. leaving D. having left

解析:由句子结构看,答案应为B或C。而B项则表示目的不符题意,故选C项说明leaving动作与句子谓语动作同步进行。

3. 现在分词及现在分词短语作定语的考查

现在分词多作前置定语,现在分词短语作后置定语。

(1)John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter him it.(2012江西35)

A. offered B. offering C. to offer D. to be offered

解析:该题考查非谓语动词。由结构分析可知作后置定语,且题干空后有双宾语,应用主动形式,再依据题意可知动作已完成,故选B。

非谓语动词后置作定语相当于一个定语从句。此题中的offering 相当于定语从句which/that offered。

(2)The lecture,at 7:00 pm last night ,was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.(2012湖南31)

A. starting B. being started C. to start D. to be started

解析:此题也是考查现在分词短语作定语。答案为A。

4. 现在分词在独立结构中的考查

The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their dogthem.(2012辽宁25)

A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows

解析:依据结构分析考查with复合结构with+非谓语动词观察题干空后有宾语,应用主动形式,以及句子时态可知应用答案B。

5. 独立主格结构中现在分词的考查

The party will be held in the garden,weather.(2012全国大纲卷28)

A.permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit

解析:该题动过结构分析考查独立主格结构中非谓语动词,即名词/动词+非谓语动词。依据weather与所给动词permit的关系是主动关系,确定答案应为A。

6. 现在分词短语作宾语补足语的考查 常见的结构是:see/hear/watch/leavedoing

Big companies usually have a lot of branch offices in different parts of the world.(2012上海春招40)

A. to have operated B. be operated C. operating D. having operated

解析:该题考查非谓语动词。根据结构看构成了have sth/sb do/doing/done结构。又由所给动词operate与offices意义,所以答案为C.现在分词作宾语补足语。

现在分词及其短语尽管考查点很多,但我们只要把握了现在分词与所修饰词或句子主语的主动关系,很多问题就可迎刃而解。

收稿日期:2013-05-19