词汇短语园地7
开篇：润墨网以专业的文秘视角，为您筛选了一篇词汇短语园地7范文，如需获取更多写作素材，在线客服老师一对一协助。欢迎您的阅读与分享！
1. contain vt. 包含；包括；装有；容纳
The book contains twenty pictures.
这本书含有20幅图。
The classroom can contain 60 people.
这个教室可容纳60人。
比较：contain和include的区别
（1） contain侧重所含的量与成分。
The basket contains a variety of fruits.
这篮子里装有各种水果。
This drink doesn’t contain any alcohol.
这种饮料不含任何酒精。
（2） include侧重于对比整体与部分，指某整体包含或容纳某部分。
The money I gave you included Xiao Zhang’s.
我给你的钱里包括了给小张的钱。
This dictionary is 100 yuan， postage included.
这本词典连邮费共一百元。
（3） include常以including（名词或代词前）或included（名词或代词后）的形式出现在短语中，用来举例、解释或补充说明。
There are ten of us here， including three girls.
= There are ten of us here， three girls included.
Everybody has something to say， me included.
= Everybody has something to say， including me.
2. design vt. & n. 设计
The experiment is designed to test the new medicine.
实验的目的是试验新药。
Who designed the Water Cube？
谁设计了水立方？
This building is a bad design.
这栋楼是一个失败的设计。
design for 为……设计
be designed for/to do 专为……而做（设置）
by design 故意地；有意地
have designs on 对……抱不良企图
3. create vt. 创造；发明
An artist should create beautiful things.
一个艺术家应该创造美丽的东西。
The government plans to create more jobs for young people.
政府计划为年轻人创造更多的就业机会。
比较：discover，create，invent，find的区别
discover发现，发现的事物是本来存在但没人知道的；create创造，创造新的事物；invent发明，通过研究制造出从前没有的东西；find找到，发现，强调找到某物的结果，不强调过程。
4. shorten vt. 缩短
The days shorten in November in this country.
在这个国家，白天在十一月会变短。
The teacher told me to shorten my report to one page.
老师让我把报告缩短为一页。
5. breakdown n. 故障；失败；（身体）垮掉
I don’t know how to deal with the network breakdown？
我不知道如何处理网络故障？
He couldn’t work after his breakdown.
他病倒以后，就不能工作了。
break down 出故障；坏掉；失败；垮掉；把……分类；划分；分解
The machine has broken down.
这台机器出故障了。
Our car broke down on the motorway.
我们的汽车在高速公路上抛锚了。
Negotiations between the two sides have broken down.
双方谈判失败了。
Each lesson is broken down into several units.
每一课都分成几部分。
Sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach.
糖和淀粉在胃里被分解。
6. disadvantage n. 弊端；缺点
If you don’t speak good English， you’ll be at a big disadvantage when you try to get a job.
你要是英语讲得不好，找工作时就会处于非常不利的情况。
What is the disadvantage of using water power？
使用水能有何弊端？
常用搭配：to one’s disadvantage 对某人不利
7. defence n. 保护；防卫
defence后接入侵者或造成危害者用against；若后接被保护者用of。
A thick coat is a good defence against the cold.
一件厚衣服足可以御寒。
People used to build strong walls round their towns as a defence against enemies.
人们从前在城镇四周修筑城墙来抵御敌人。
This fort was once the main defence of the island.
这座堡垒曾经是这个岛上的主要防御设施。
常用搭配：in defence of 保卫……；为……辩护
They fought in defence of their country.
他们为保卫祖国而战。
Hundreds of people gave their lives in defence of freedom.
千百人为了自由献出了自己的生命。
8. average adj. 平均的；一般的；普通的
（1） average通常只能放在名词前作定语，不用作表语，且没有比较级。
What was the average temperature yesterday？
昨天的平均气温是多少？
The average age of boys in this class is 15.
这个班男生的平均年龄为15岁。
（2） 表示“一般的；普通的”，可用作定语，也可用作表语。
He is just an average student.
他只是个普通的学生。
There was nothing special about the film―it was only average.
这部电影没什么特别的，只是部普通的电影。
average n. 平均
above/below average 平均水平以上 / 以下
on （an/the） average 平均而言；根据平均标准
the average of ……的平均数
an average of （跟数词）平均有
注意：the average of...做主语，谓语动词用单数，意为“……的平均数”；an average of + 复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。
9. independent adj. 独立的；有主见的；分开的
Mozambique became independent in 1975.
莫桑比克于1975年独立。
My elder sister has moved away from home and is now
independent.
我姐姐已经搬出去住了，现在她独立了。
常用搭配：independent of sb/sth 不相关的；不受影响的
I am old enough to be independent of my parents.
我年纪足够大了，可以不依赖父母了。
10. consist of 由……组成
consist of常用整体作主语，表示“整体由部分组成”，引申为“包含有”，不能用于被动语态。
This necklace consists of gold and diamond.
这条项链由黄金和钻石组成。
The city consists of five districts.
这个城市有五个区。
11. as well 也
as well多用于口语中，语气较轻。通常用于肯定句
或疑问句，一般不用于否定句，且通常放在句末。
I’ll come to London，and my sister will come as well.
我会来伦敦，我的妹妹也会来。
Are they coming as well？
他们也来吗？
12. concentrate on 聚精会神；集中思想
可直接接名词或接动词-ing形式
I can’t concentrate on my studies.
我无法集中精神学习。
Right now we should concentrate on doing some things for our plan.
现在我们应该集中精力为我们的计划做些事。
13. compared with 与……相比
Compared with our small apartment， our uncle’s house seemed like a palace.
跟我们的小公寓比起来，叔叔的房子就像宫殿。
How does life in Britain compared with life in the States？
与美国的生活相比，英国生活如何？
短语：compare...to... 把……比作……
compare...with... 把……和……比较
14. become/be known as 作为……而出名；
被称为……；叫作……
She was known as an excellent dancer.
她作为一名优秀的舞蹈家而闻名。
These chocolate bars are known as something else in the U.S..
这种巧克力棒在美国有别的叫法。
1. be known for 因……而众所周知
He was known for his frankness.
他以坦率著称。
2. be known to 为……所知
He’s known to the police because of his previous criminal record.
他因以前的犯罪记录而为警察所知。
15. go down 倒下；（船等）下沉，沉没，下降；
（将食物、饮料）吞下，咽下，喝下；（物价等）
下跌；（温度等）下降；（日、月）落到地平线
下，落下
She stripped and went down with a bump.
她绊了一下，重重地倒在地上。
The ship went down with all on board.
这条船连船带人都沉没了。
A glass of wine would go down very nicely.
能喝一杯葡萄酒就太痛快了。
The price of eggs is going down.
蛋价正在下降。
The color of the sky deepened as the sun went down.
夕阳西下，天空的颜色渐趋深暗。
16. come up with 提出；赶上
We weren’t able to come up with any new suggestions.
我们提不出任何新建议。
We came up with a group of tourists.
我们赶上了一群旅游者。