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试论语言技能与语言运用能力的统一

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【摘 要】 语言知识和语言技能语言运用综合能力的基础,它们之间是相互影响和相互促进的关系。学习语言知识、获得语言技能的出发点和归宿必须是使学生获得综合运用语言的能力,它必须服务于学生语言运用能力的培养。

【关键词】 英语教学 语言技能 语言运用

如何在一节课的教学活动中既突出重要的语言技能,又保持该技能与其他语言技能的平衡?如何使听、说、读、写四种技能与语音、词汇、语法、功能、话题达到有机融合?下面结合一节英语口语课教学实录,详细探讨八年级(上)第二单元What’s the matter?中的Section A Speaking。

Step 1:Warming up

The teacher greets students by asking them, “How are you today?” Then writes the sentence “I’m not feeling well today.” on the blackboard and guides students to read it. Students will ask teacher the reason. Teacher can answer, “I didn’t have a good sleep last night. So I have a headache (while making a gesture).”

这样的热身活动设计,通过师生间的问候拉近彼此之间的距离,使学生快速融入英语课堂。要求学生猜测教师身体不适的原因,激发学生的背景知识,为之后的知识输入作好铺垫。

Step 2: Presentation (of words about illness)

相关话题的词语呈现活动可以由教师本人完成,也可以在教师的引导、激活、启发下由学生完成。例如,教师在课堂上出示医疗用具“绷带”,充分唤起学生的好奇心,并通过绷带所绑的不同位置和肢体语言,自然地引出有关疾病的单词。这种方式简单、直观,更易被学生接受,所以学生会更加积极地参与教学活动。

Step 3: Pair work / Group work

The teacher puts the bandage on the part of a student’s body and asks,“What’s the matter?” Then the teacher guides him to use the pattern “I’m not feeling well. I have a ...” After that, the teacher asks students to work in pairs and talk about health problems by using the bandage given and using the target language: What’s the matter? I’m not feeling well. I have a ...

八年级学生的表演欲望依然很强。教师可以设计两人一组的小组活动,为每一个小组提供必要的道具(也可以在上次课后就安排学生选带一些类似的道具),从而激发学生参与活动的积极性,扩大参与面。

Step 4: Drill (of giving advice)

(1) T: I have a cold. What should I do?

S: You should / shouldn’t do ... (lie down and rest / drink hot tea with honey / see a dentist/ drink lots of water / take some medicine, etc.)

(2) The teacher prepares two bags. In one bag, there are pieces of paper with problems while pieces of paper with advice in the other. Pairs of students take turns to get paper from the bags, and then ask and answer according to the situations. For example:

S1: What’s the matter with you?

S2: I’m not feeling well. I have a …

S3: (Oh!I’m sorry to hear it.) You should ... / You shouldn’t ...

这样的活动设计不仅可以帮助学生复习新学的词语和句型,而且还自然地引入新的话题:针对不同的疾病给出相应的有效建议。同时,使学生增长了相关知识,增强了健康意识,而这可能就是本次课堂教学相应的情感目标。

Step 5: Practice (of giving advice)

The teacher shows students the picture of Section A, then asks them to talk about the picture, trying to figure out what the people in the picture are talking aloud (helping the students to predict the content by life experience). Then the teacher asks students to role-play their predictions.

A: What’s the matter with you?

B: I’m not feeling well. I have a _______.

A: When did it start?

B: About ________ ago.

A: Oh, that’s too bad. / I’m sorry to hear that. You should / shouldn’t ______ and you should /shouldn’t _______.

B: Yes. I think so.

A: ________.

B: Thank you, doctor.

这样的教学活动设计,把真实生活中的交际活动搬进课堂,使课堂变为一种具体的社会交往环境,使教学过程成为教师与学生之间的一个交际过程,大大地提高了学生的兴趣。这样的课堂氛围让学生感觉所学内容更贴近生活,自然而然地就对英语产生兴趣,把学英语当做一种乐趣,进而他们会在课堂活动之中充分发挥创造性,最后真正达到社会生活与课堂学习融为一体的目标。

[1] 刘玲玲. 英语语言化教学之我见[J]. 成才之路, 2009(17).

[2] 孟刚. 新教材新策略 推动英语教学的新发展[J]. 文教资料, 2006(10).