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以“和(and)”为贵

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并列连词and 是在高考试题中出现频率较高的一个词,其结构为A and B 或A , B and C,其中,字母A、B、C代表同类的词或短语,即A、B、C的词性相同,若是动词,其时态和非谓语动词形式也要一致,即“并列一致”。and是答题的关键依据,它涉及所有的题型,尤其是语法填空和短文改错。因此,备考中要以和(and)为贵,重点关注。

一、语法填空

[例1](2016全国III卷) Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ________ (be) too violent for use at the table.

答案:were

解析:believed后跟一个宾语从句,and连接了从句中两个并列的谓语,主语knives是复数,would 是过去时,根据and的并列一致原则,这里也用过去时,故填were。

[例2](2016全国III卷)In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, ________ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.

答案:and

解析:根据and的并列一致原则,China, Japan, Korea 和Vietnam都是国家名,故填and。

[例3](2016全国II卷)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别)those of ________ (great) and less importance.

答案:greater

解析:less是形容词的比较级形式,根据and并列一致原则,great 也需要使用比较级形式,故填greater。

[例4] (2014辽宁卷) Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and________(soft).

答案:softly

解析:根据and并列一致原则,soft也应同naturally一样,用副词。意为:要很自然柔和地弯曲膝盖,伸展胳膊。

[例5](2016广州二模) He found a job, ________(rent) a house and quit drinking alcohol afterwards.

答案:rented

解析:根据and并列一致原则,found a job, rented a house, quit drinking alcohol三个动词短语形式应一致,由found可知是一般过去时,可知rent也应为一般过去式,故填rented。

[例6](2016湛江二模)This removes mental blocks and ________ (allow) you to use all of your brain power to better understand yourself, others, and the world around you.

答案:allows

解析:根据and并列一致原则, removes 和allows并列,所以填allows。

二、短文改错

[例1]5(2016全国Ⅱ卷)We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.

答案:taketaking

解析:由and可知,staying at home与taking a trip构成动名词平行结构,作介词between的宾语。

[例2](2015全国II 卷)A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.

答案:telling told

解析:形式上看,and前后连接的都是ing形式。但根据句意和逻辑判断,saw him crying 和told him to wait outside the shop并列,也就是说told和saw都用一般过去式,故改telling 为 told。

[例3](2014全国I 卷)The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste.

答案:tastetasty

解析:根据and并列一致原则,juicy是形容词作表语,tasty要和juciy词性一致,所以改taste为tasty。

[例4](2014全国II卷)The teachers here are kind and helpfully.

答案:helpfullyhelpful

解析:根据and并列一致原则,kind是形容词作表语,helpful要和kind在词性上要一致,所以改helpfully为helpful。

[例5](2016全国III卷)The teenage years from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years in my life.