新目标英语七年级(下)重点词语解析(Units7～8)
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Unit 7What does he look like?
hair 用作名词,意为“头发”｡例如:
She is medium build, and she has long hair.(P41) 她中等身材,长着长头发｡
Her sister is washing her hair. 她妹妹正在洗头发｡
[解析] hair 通常用单数形式表示总体｡若用作主语,谓语动词也用单数形式｡例如:
His hair is gray. 他的头发灰白｡
但如果表示若干根头发,则需用其复数形式｡例如:
He has a few white hairs. 他有一些白头发｡
tall 可用作形容词,意为“高的”｡例如:
Is she tall?(P42) 她个子高吗?
What is the tall boy doing? 那个高个子男孩正在干什么?
There is a lovely tall tree in our garden. 我家花园里有一棵高大的树,很好看｡
[解析] tall 常用来形容人或动物的身高,也可以用来形容树木､建筑物等的高度,它的反义词是 short｡
always 用作副词,意为“总是;始终”｡例如:
She always wears a red shirt and white shoes.(P42) 她总是穿着一条红色裙子和白鞋｡
He is always my friend. 他一直是我的朋友｡
[解析] always 是“频度副词”,其位置在行为动词之前, be 动词和助动词之后;通常与一般现在时的谓语动词连用,表示“总是”或“往往”的意思｡如果用在现在进行时中,则有“老是”或“再三地”的意思,带有一种厌烦､不满或者赞美等感彩｡试比较:
He always gives me flowers. 他总是给我送花｡
I don’t love him, but he is always giving me flowers. 我不爱他,但他老是送花给我｡
team 作名词用,意为“队;组”｡例如:
Wang Lin is the captain of the basketball team.(P43) 王林是篮球队队长｡
Which team is he in? 他在哪一组?
[解析] team 指整体时表示单数意义,指队里的每一个队员时则表示复数意义｡例如:
Our team is famous for its long history. 我们队以历史悠久而闻名｡
Our team are wearing blue socks. 我们队的每一个队员都穿着蓝色的短袜｡
never 用作副词时,意为“决不;从不”｡例如:
He never goes to the movies. 他从来不去看电影｡
I shall never forget it. 我将永远不会忘记这件事｡
He is never late for school. 他上学从来没有迟到过｡
[解析] never 通常放在行为动词之前,放在助动词､情态动词或 be 动词的后面｡ never 可以把句子变成否定句,但通常不和 do 连用｡如可以说“He never works.”,但不可以说“He does never work.”｡
person 作名词用,意为“人;人物”｡例如:
This person is medium height.(P43) 这个人中等个子｡
Who is the youngest person in your class? 你们班里谁最年轻?
[解析] person 与 people 比较:
person(=man, woman or child) 着重指个别人而言,为可数名词,可以有单数或复数形式｡例如:
Paul is really a nice person. 保罗是个真正的好人｡
Several persons came to see you this morning. 今天上午有几个人来看你｡
有时, person意为“家伙”,含有贬意｡例如:
Who is that person? 那家伙是谁?
people 指“人”､“人民”或“人们”时,是集体名词,着重于集体而言,在句中作主语时,谓语动词仅用复数形式｡例如:
Look at those people in the boats. 看船上的那些人｡
There are lots of people on the sports ground. 操场上有许多人｡
people 指“人民”时,和the 连用;指“民族”时,常用其复数形式｡例如:
We study for the people. 我们为人民而学习｡
There are 56 peoples in China. 中国有56个民族｡
指具体数目的人时,用 people 或 persons 均可｡例如:
There are three people(persons) in the classroom. 教室里有三个人｡
如概括或笼统地提到“人”,要用 people｡试译: 人们说你要走了｡
误: Persons say that you are going.
正: People say that you are going.
glasses 作名词用时,意为“眼镜”｡例如:
And she doesn’t wear glasses.(P45) 她不戴眼镜｡
The man with thick glasses is his father. 那个戴深度眼镜的人是他的父亲｡
[解析] glasses 作“眼镜”解时,总是以复数形式出现,作主语时,谓语动词常用复数形式｡例如:
“Tom, where are my glasses?” asked the old man. “汤姆,我的眼镜在哪儿?”老人问道｡
say 作动词用,意为“说;讲”｡例如:
“I don’t think he’s so great,” says Ruth from New York.(P45) 来自纽约的露丝说,“我认为他这样并不太好｡”
What does he say about Mr Wang? 关于王先生他说了些什么?
[解析] say, speak, talk与tell比较:
say 意为“说”,一般作及物动词用,它的宾语可以是名词､代词或从句等｡例如:
I can say ABC. 我会念ABC了｡
Can you say it in English? 这个你会用英语说吗?
She is saying, “Don’t draw on the wall.” 她在说:“别在墙上画画｡”
They say(that) China is a great and beautiful country. 他们说中国是个伟大而美丽的国家｡
speak 意为“说话”或“讲话”,指说话的能力和方式,作不及物动词用时,常见的搭配形式有: speak to sb(跟某人讲话), speak of sb/sth(谈到某人/事);还可以作“(在公共场合)发言､演讲”解｡作及物动词用时,常以某种语言作宾语｡例如:
Children speak before they read. 小孩子先说话后识字｡
Don’t speak to me now. 现在别跟我说话｡
He often speaks of the persons and things in the past. 他经常谈到过去的人和事｡
Who is speaking at the meeting? 谁正在会上发言?
Can you speak English? 你会讲英语吗?
注意: 打电话时,习惯用 speak｡例如:
Hello, this is Charlie speaking. 喂,我是查理｡(电话用语)
talk 意为“谈话”或“交谈”,指相互间的谈话,一般用作不及物动词,常见的搭配有: talk about(谈论), talk to(跟某人谈话), talk with(和某人说话)｡例如:
We’ll talk about some pictures. 我们将看图说话｡
The teacher is talking to him. 老师正在跟他谈话｡
She is talking with John in English. 她正在和约翰用英语交谈｡
tell 意为“告诉”,经常用作及物动词,后跟宾语或双宾语,有时表示“嘱咐或语气较轻的命令”,常用于 tell sb(to do) sth 结构｡例如:
Our teacher is telling us a story. 老师在给我们讲故事｡
Tell him to give you some paper. 叫他给你一些纸｡
Can you tell me what time it is? 请告诉我现在几点了好吗?
go shopping 意为“购物”｡例如:
I can go shopping, and nobody knows me.(P45) 我能去购物,没有谁认识我｡
Next week we want to go shopping. 下周我们想去购物｡
[解析] 动词 go 后面跟动词 -ing 形式时,表示“去干某事”或“去从事某种活动”｡例如:
Would you like to go swimming with me? 同我一起去游泳好吗?
We often go boating in the park on Sundays. 星期天我们经常去公园划船｡
Let’s go skating this afternoon. 咱们今天下午去溜冰吧｡
I want to go fishing next week. 下个星期我想去钓鱼｡
Unit 8 I’d like some noodles.
large 作形容词用时,意为“大的;宽广的”｡例如:
I’d like a large bowl of beef noodles.(P52) 我想要一大碗牛肉面｡
There is a large garden at the back of the house. 这房子的后面有一个大花园｡
[解析] big, large 与 great 比较:
big 侧重表示一个物体的块头和重量,含有庞大､笨重的意思,其反义词是 little｡例如:
They’re big, fat hens. 它们是又大又肥的母鸡｡
large 指体积､面积､容积､数量等方面的大,有广阔和众多的含义,其反义词是 small｡例如:
China is a large country. 中国是一个幅员辽阔的国家｡
有时两者可以互换, big 较为口语化｡ big 还可以表示“长大了的”意思,而 large 没有这个意思｡例如:
This is a big/large room. 这是一个大房间｡
He is a big boy now. 他现在是个大孩子了｡(不可用 large)
great 指长度､高度的大,常表示抽象意义,还含有精神上的“伟大”之意,带有一定的感彩｡例如:
Let’s go to visit The Great Hall of the People. 咱们去参观人民大会堂吧｡
试比较以下三个句子的不同含义:
He is a big man. 他是一个身高体重的人｡
He is a large man. 他是一个高大粗壮的人｡
He is a great man. 他是一个伟大的人｡
size 作名词用,意为“大小;尺寸”｡例如:
What sizes do you have?(P49) 你都有多大号的?
It is about the size of an egg. 大约有鸡蛋大小｡
We haven’t any black shoes in that size now. 现在我们还没有这种尺码的黑色鞋子｡
[解析] 询问服装鞋帽“多大尺码”时,英语须用 what size 提问,而不用 how large size｡试译: 你要多大号码的鞋?
误: How large size shoes do you want?
正: What size shoes do you want?
fish 作名词用,意为“鱼;鱼肉”｡例如:
Help yourself to some fish. 请吃鱼｡
What a big fish! 多大的一条鱼啊!
He catches a lot of fish every day. 他每天捕获许多鱼｡
There are many fishes in the river. 河里有各种各样的鱼｡
[解析] 表示鱼的条数时,复数用 fish;表示各种鱼类时,复数用 fishes;表示“鱼肉”时, fish 是不可数名词｡