中考热点易混词语辨与练
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综观全国各地近几年的中考试卷，笔者发现，对易混词语的考查占有一定的比例。本文结合2006年全国部分省市的中考题，拟对较活跃的、常考查的热点易混词语进行归纳，希望对同学们复习迎考有所帮助。
1. few, a few, little, a little
词义辨析：few表示否定，意为“不多，少数”，与many相对，用来修饰或代替可数名词的复数形式；a few表示肯定，意为“一些，有几个”，相当于some / several，用来修饰或代替可数名词的复数形式；little意为“很少，几乎没有”，与much相对，用来修饰或代替不可数名词；a little表示肯定，意为“一点儿，一些”，用来修饰或代替不可数名词。例如：
I have few oranges, so I can’t give you. 我只有少数几个桔子，因此不能给你。
There is little milk in my glass. Can you give me some? 我的玻璃杯中几乎没有牛奶。你能给我一些吗？
His research is very difficult, but a few people understand it. 他的研究很难，但是一些人懂它。
Don’t worry! There is a little time left. 不要担心！还有些时间。
真题回放：(2006年湖北武汉)―How long will you stay here?
―I think I will be here for ______ more days.
A. fewB. a few C. little D. a little
(Key: B)
2. too much, much too
词义辨析：too much意为“太多的；过量的”，其中心词是much，它的用法和much很相似，常用来修饰不可数名词，还可以修饰形容词或副词比较级；much too意为“太；非常”，这个短语的中心词是too，所以该短语与too一样，修饰形容词或副词，但不可修饰比较级和名词。例如：
I have too much homework to do now. 现在我有太多的作业要做。
The boy is too much taller than I. 这个男孩比我高多了。
The math problem is much too difficult. 这道数学题太难了。
They work much too hard. 他们工作太辛苦了。
真题回放：(2006年云南省)―Shall I get something for you? What’s your favourite?
―It’s very kind of you! Please don’t waste ______ money. Special is the best choice.
A. manyB. too manyC. too muchD. much too
(Key: C)
3. spend, cost, take, pay
词义辨析：spend主语必须是“人”，宾语可以是“金钱，时间”等，常用于“sb spend some time/some money on sth/ (in) doing sth”句型中。cost 主语必须是表示事物的词语，常用于“sth cost (sb) some time/some money”句型中，指“花费时间或金钱”等；take主语一般是“一件事”，一般指花费时间。如果主语是动词不定式，常用it作形式主语，将不定式放在后面。pay 指人“结帐付款，给……报酬”，常和介词for连用，常用于“sb pays some money for sth”句型中。pay的基本含义是“支付”，宾语可以是“人”或“钱”。例如：
David spends too much time on books. 大卫平时花很多时间看书。
He spent a lot of money (in) buying a new car. 他花了很多钱买了一辆新车。
How much do the post cards cost? 这些明信片多少钱？
The new computer costs me 8,800 yuan. 这台新电脑花了我8800元。
The journey will take him six days. 这次旅游将花费他6天的时间。
It takes me half an hour to do the homework every day. 每天我花半个小时做作业。
You’ll have to pay me 50 yuanfor the book. 这本书你得付给我50元钱。
They had to pay two hundred yuan. 他们得付200元。
真题回放：(2006年江苏南京)―What a beautiful sweater! How much did you ______ for it?
―198 yuan.
A. take B. cost C. payD. spend
(2006年河南省)―What beautiful shoes you’re wearing! They must be expensive.
―No, they only ______ 10 yuan.
A. spent B. took C. paidD. cost
(2006年福建福州)―It ______ the Chinese people eight years to build the Three Gorges Dam(三峡大坝).
―How great!
A. spendsB. costs C. paidD. took
(Keys:C, D, D)
4. sometime, some time, sometimes, some times
词义辨析：sometime表示“在某一时候，日后，有朝一日”。通常用于过去时态和将来时态的句子中。对sometime提问时，要用特殊疑问词when(什么时候)。some time指现在、过去或将来的“一段时间”，一般用作名词词组，在句中常与介词for, after等连用。对它提问时，要用特殊疑问词how long(多久)。sometimes表示“有时，间或”，常用于过去、现在或将来时态的句子中，可置于句首、句中或句末。当它用在句中时，通常放在be之后，实义动词之前。对sometimes提问同对其他频度副词提问一样，要用特殊疑问词how often。some times意为“几次，几倍”，与时间无关，表示次数或倍数。对some times(表示“次数”)提问时，要用特殊疑问词how many times。例如：
It will happen sometime and somewhere. 有朝一日它会在某个地方发生。
The magazine will be given back sometime next week.
When will the magazine be given back?
She will stay here for some time. 她将在这儿呆一段时间。
We shall be away from home for some time.
How long will you be away from home?
I’ll come back and see you sometimes, whenever I can manage it. 只要我能抽出时间，我会时常回来看你的。
Sometimes I go to the cinema with my classmate.
How often do you go to the cinema with your classmates?
They tried some times, at last they dropped it. 他们试了几次，最后还是放弃了。
They went there some times.
How many times did they go there?
真题回放：(2006年江苏连云港)They are going to have a picnic ______ next week.
A. sometime B. some time C. sometimes D. some times
(Key: A)
5. such, so
词义辨析：such和so都可表示“这么，如此”。such是形容词，修饰名词。so是副词，修饰形容词或其他副词。注意：当名词前有many, much, few, little等表示多少的词修饰时，用so而不用such。例如：
Have you seen such an interesting film? 你看过这样有趣的电影吗？
I’m so glad to hear from my friend. 收到我朋友的来信我真高兴。
He walked so fast that I couldn’t follow him. 他跑得这么快，我赶不上他。
I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over. 我摔了好多跤，结果全身青一块，紫一块。
真题回放：(2006年江苏常州)Some drivers drive ______ fast that make people
______ are trying to cross the street afraid.
A. such, that B. even, which C. so, who D. too, whom
(2006年内蒙古包头)The students have ______ many exercise that they can’t finish ______ in time.
A. so, them B. so, it C. such, them D. such, it
(Keys: C, A)
6. have / has been to, have / has gone to
词义辨析：have been to意为“去过”，表示曾经去过某地，它常与just, ever, never, once, twice和several等词连用。have gone to意为“去某地了，现在没有回来”，不在说话地点。 例如：
They haven’t been to Australia. 他们从未去过澳大利亚。
I have just been to the post office. 我刚刚去过邮局。
―Where are they? 他们在哪儿？
―They have gone to Hawaii for their holiday. 他们去夏威夷度假了。
It can’t be Miss Zhao. She has gone to town. 那不可能是赵小姐，她进城了。
温馨提示：当have been to后接地点副词时，to应去掉。例如：
―Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你去过长城吗？
―Yes, I’ve been there once. 是的，我去过一次。
真题回放：
(2006年吉林省)―Where’s your father?
―He ______ Shanghai. He’ll be back next week.
A. has gone toB. has been toC. have gone toD. have been to
(2006年福建福州)―I ______ Fujian Museum twice. How about you?
―Never. I hope to visit it soon.
A. have gone toB. have been toC. have goneD. have been
(2006年江苏扬州)―The Blacks have ______ the Phoenix Island(凤凰岛).
―Oh, really? I have never ______ there before.
A. gone to, been toB. been to, gone to
______ C. gone to, beenD. gone, been to
(Keys: A, B, A)