风雨沧桑阁老墓

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济南天桥区北园的张公坟村因元朝著名的散曲家张养浩葬在了这里而得名，无独有偶，在市中区的党家，也有一个以济南名士的墓葬命名的村子――殷家林村。这位姓殷的名士便是被尊称为“殷阁老”的明代内阁大学士殷士儋。殷士儋，字正甫，历城人，嘉靖二十六年进士。他不但官高位显，诗文也颇负盛名，为“历下四诗人”之一。民国《续修历城县志》里曾评价殷士儋的诗为“体齐鲁之雅驯，兼燕赵之悲壮，禀吴越之婉丽，是吾乡一巨手。”有《金舆山房集》、《明农轩乐府》等著作传世。

殷士儋的事迹还在蒲松龄的《聊斋志异》里出现过。在《狐嫁女》的故事中，有一位“殷天官”少有胆略，不怕鬼狐，深夜独住一个闹鬼的荒院，恰遇狐狸精在此嫁女，遂被邀参加婚礼并做了“狐夫妇”的傧相，最后在婚宴上偷藏了一只金酒杯作为持验同人的证据。故事中的“殷天官”就是殷士儋。可见殷士儋不但才高识广，而且有胆有识。

殷士儋于明嘉靖元年，出生在他死后所葬的村子里，当然那时村名不叫殷家林，而是叫吕王庄。自殷士儋葬在这里后，村民为纪念他，遂改了村名。殷士儋自幼聪颖过人，10岁便能吟诗作文，19岁还在弱冠之年即中举，26岁进士及第，被选为翰林院庶吉士，有机会在宫内书馆读书，从此踏入仕途。由于殷士儋才高识广，被嘉靖帝选为裕王太子(后来的明穆宗隆庆帝)的老师，在做老师期间“凡关君德治道，辄危言激论，王为动色”。裕王登基后擢殷士儋为翰林院侍读学士，掌翰林院事，隆庆二年拜礼部尚书。隆庆四年，转任文渊阁大学士。隆庆五年辞官归故里，筑庐于泺水之滨（即现在的万竹园），讲学著书，与当时济南名士边贡、李攀龙、许邦才交往甚深，经常诗文唱和，被人誉为“历下四诗人”。明神宗万历九年，殷士儋突发股疾病逝，归葬故里。皇帝赐其“金顶玉葬”，谥号“文庄”，并派严嵩主持为其筑墓修坟。

据《明史》记载，殷士儋墓占地约三十亩，筑汉白玉牌坊，墓区内遍植松柏。可以想见那是多么壮观的景象！经过了四百多年风吹雨淋的沧桑岁月，现在的殷士儋墓是什么样子呢？近日，我特意赶在2009年的清明节前，对它进行了一番探访。

巧得很，我所坐的86路公交车的司机就是殷家林村人，我想他也许正是我要探访的殷阁老的后人，然而他说他姓吕，村子里吕姓是大户，以前村名就叫吕王庄，而殷氏后人则只有二十多户。因殷阁老是名士，村遂以他为贵，改为殷家林。

在司机师傅的指点下，我在罗而村下了车，顺着加油站旁边的一条小路向北望山而去。殷家林村远离车水马龙的街道，也就远离了都市的喧嚣，显得静谧安然。穿过村子，眼前一片开阔，凤凰山的全貌便迎面而来。我正不知殷士儋墓的确切所在，过来几个小姑娘，上前问她们，她们指了指东边说，你是问阁老墓吧，它就在那棵最大的松柏树下，正在整修呢，我们刚从那里回来。想不到小姑娘不但对殷士儋非常熟悉，而且还能去瞻仰它，殷阁老在这里不寂寞！

顺着小姑娘手指的方向一路走去，的确有一棵郁郁葱葱的古柏，几个村人正在坟墓圈建高墙。听他们说这是文物部门为保护阁老墓出资整修，争取在清明节前建成开放，供人们拜祭。这当然是好事。

我从留出的大门进入，到了阁老墓跟前。经过了四百多年岁月洗礼，阁老墓保存相对完好，墓上耸立着一棵高大葱郁、冠如华盖的古柏，还是当初建坟时种植下的，默默地陪着阁老四百多年了。如今树干已盘根错结，青筋暴露，宛如苍虬，在坟墓上空守护着这片静土。我绕着墓转了一圈，坟墓方方正正，高约4米，四周的台基基本上完好如初，全部是用雕花的青石垒砌，显得庄重大气。果然是阁老之墓，规格自然不同一般。在坟墓的东侧有一条人工踩踏的路径，可以从这里上到坟顶。坟顶上也没有什么遗迹留存，只有丛生的杂草和荆棘。不过在坟墓的东南角，倒有一块残缺不全的石碑，上面刻着“殷士儋墓”四个大字，从下面的两行小字上可以知道这块碑是历城县人民政府于1979年所立。除此之外，再也看不到有关殷士儋的介绍。

这么壮观的一座墓怎么会没有一块像样的碑呢？这显得与这位阁老的身份极不相称。问在此修坟的村人，才知道这里原是有的，不但有碑，碑文还是皇帝敕命严嵩撰写的呢。墓前还有一座高大的石牌坊，沿着石牌坊是一条一百多米长的神道，神道两旁还有石人、石马、石羊等雕像⋯⋯这才是我心目中阁老墓的气势。然而一场"破四旧"运动，让这里除了一座孤单的坟墓外一切都荡然无存。我在墓周到处寻找，也没有发现一点让人兴奋的遗迹。有一位姓李的村民告诉我，有人曾经在墓南边的桃林里见到过石马、石羊和一些残碑断柱，只是不知现在还有没有。

循着村人指引的方向，我一路找去。然而看着这么一片大面积的桃林，想找到一两块我所要找的石头，我有些灰心。我挨个桃园找，既要躲汪汪叫的护园狗，还要避开用荆棘编成的屏障。功夫不负有心人，我还真找到了一块石碑，它有3米多长、30厘米多厚，被村人垛的柴禾掩盖着，但上面辨不出任何文字。经向桃园的主人打听，这就是当初石牌坊上的构件。从这这块青石往上的一条小路，便是通往墓区的神道了，传说中的石马、石羊之类应该就在神道两旁，然而已无迹可寻。如果殷士儋墓从这里算起的话，方不辜负阁老的生前身后名，也才对得起皇帝钦赐的“金顶玉葬”待遇。

曾经否定一切历史的疯狂时代已成过为不堪回首的过去，阁老墓又引起了政府和文物部门的重视，1979年被公布为市级重点文物保护单位，墓前的断碑便是那时所立。2007年又被定为山东省重点保护文物保护单位。而我这次的探访又意外得知，文物部门正在进行扩建整修。

这是一个令人振奋的消息。殷士儋理应受到这样的重视，这倒不是因为他曾做过什么内阁大学士，而是因为他的诗，因为他是我们济南人。

In Dangjia, Shizhong District, Jinan City, there is village called Yinjialin Village (Village of the Yin’s Cemetery), which takes its name from the cemetery of Yin Shizhan―a famous great scholar minister during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644).

A story about Yin Shizhan is recorded in Strange Tales from the Make-Do Studio by Pu Songling. In a story entitled A Fox Is Getting Married, he tells us that once there was a brave young man named Yin Tianguan who was not afraid of ghosts. He alone lived in a courtyard haunted by ghosts during the night time and happened to come upon the wedding of a fox’s daughter. So he was invited to attend the wedding to act as the best man of the fox couple. At the wedding banquet, he stole a gold cup to prove that he had been at the wedding. Yin Tianguan in the story is Yin Shizhan, which is evidence he was not only knowledgeable, but also brave.

Yin Shizhan was born in 1522 at the village where he was later buried. At that time, the village was called Luwangzhuang instead of Yinjialin. After Yin Shizhan was buried here, the villagers changed the village to commemorate him. Yin Shizhan was clever in his childhood. At the age of 10, he could write poems and essays. At the age of 19, he passed the imperial examination. At the age of 26, he passed the Jinshi examination and was chosen as a scholar of the Imperial Academy. In 1571, he quit his official post and went back to his hometown. At the present-day Wanzhu Garden area of Baotu Spring Park, he used to deliver lectures and write books. At that time, Yin Shizhan, Bian Gong, Li Panlong and Xu Bangcai together were called “Four Poets of Lixia.” In 1581, he died of a serious illness and was buried at his hometown.

Yin Shizhan’s cemetery covers an area of two hectares, in which there is a white marble archway and many pine trees. Despite more than 400 years of vicissitudes, Yin Shizhan’s tomb is still well preserved. On the tomb there stands a towering pine tree, which was planted at the time when the tomb was constructed.

In 2007, Yin Shizhan’s cemetery was chosen as a relic site under the provincial major protection. When I visited the cemetery this time, the department responsible for cultural relic protection was extending the cemetery. As a famous Jinan local, Yin Shizhan is worthy of such kind of importance.