高考英语阅读题型解析之主旨大意题

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高考英语阅读理解题部分有这样一种题型：要求考生阅读一段文章，并从四个选项中选出最佳标题或者能够说明文章或段落大意的选项。这类题型我们统称为主旨大意题。这种题型主要考查考生通过阅读文章，了解文章大意，并对文章进行总结，归纳和概括的能力。下面笔者将从题型特点与命题思路两方面对高考英语阅读理解之主旨大意题进行解析。

一、题型特征

主旨大意题有一个明显的特征：要求考生通读全文，从所给四个选项中选出最佳标题或者能够说明文章或段落大意的选项。通常情况下，考查对象分为两大类，篇章主旨和段落主旨

1.篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段或其中几段主题的综合。

2.段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能不在这些句中，需要从上下文中寻找或总结。

二、主旨大意题的解题技巧

1. 注意文章各段首，尾句，答案很可能就在这些句子中。例如，2011年高考试题全国卷I卷B篇第63题：

The word advertising refers to any kind of public announcement that brings products and services to the attention of people.Through out history

By the end of the seventeenth century,when newspapers were beginning to be read by more people, printing materials became an important way to promote products and services.

Advertising spread quickly throughout the eighteenth century.

Near the end of the ninteenth century,companies that were devoted to the production of ads came to be known as“advertising agencies”.

63． Which of the following might be the best title for the text？

A． The story of Advertising

B． The value of Advertising design

C． The role of Newspaper Advertising

D． The Development of Printing for Advertising

解析：从以上各段段首句可以很容易地推断出，这篇文章是在介绍广告及其各个历史阶段的发展。故正确选项为A。而D项错误的原因是the Development of Printing，而非Advertising。

2.注意文中出现频率高的单词。这些关键词在文中多次出现，常常是表达主题的主要措辞。例如2011年高考试题全国卷I卷D篇第71题：

Cassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husbands income. So this year she did something more than a hobby（业余爱好）: She planted vegetables in her yard.For her first garden,...

They are among the growing number of Americans who,driven by higher living costs and a falling economy,have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time.

Food prices have increased because of higher oil prices. People are now driving less taking fewer vacations,so theres more time to garden.

71.Which of the following might be the best title for the text？

A. Family Food Planning

B. Banking on Gardening

C. A Belt-tightening move

D. Gardening as a Hobby

解析：从以上各段中的段首和段尾句可以很容易地看到，这篇文章出现频率最高的词是garden。根据与经济相关的词汇higher living costs，a falling economy等，可知要渡过经济衰败期，人们指望通过Gardening来缓解压力。故正确选项为B。

3.从选项内容判断答案。一般来说，那些概括全文、含义深刻、说明道理的选项是答案。例如2011年高考试题全国卷ＩＩ卷A篇第41题：

Since 1984,philadelphia has been cleaning up its act.One by one,graffiticovered walls are being changed into outdoor art.So far, more than 1,800 murals have been painted.Philadelphia now has more murals than any other American city.

The walls that were once ugly with graffiti are now covered with beautiful pictures of historical heroes and modern art,thanks to the myural arts program(MAP),its work makes schools and public places atractive，and its citizens very proud.The programbegan as a part of philadelphias antiGraffiti Net work. Jane Golden is the MAPs artistic director. “When people ask me what our program is about,”she says，“I answer them with one word—hope.”

41.What can be the best title for the text？

A. Love,from graffiti writers to Muralists

B. MAP, a new company in Philadelphia

C. Jane,an exellent Mural Artist

D. Hope,one Wall at a time

解析：从文章中可以很容易地看到，这篇文章主要在讲MAP即The Mural Arts Program从Jane的讲话中我们可以得知our program is about hope。故正确选项为D。

（作者单位：河南省安阳市实验中学）