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谈谈that“那”些事

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高考对that的考查不依不饶,常考常新,该词用法复杂,多无具体意义,语法功能较多,故在考题中多设为题眼。此文结合考例,谈谈that“那”些事。

一、 程度副词

that用作程度副词,常与形容词和副词连用,意为“那样,那么”。

例如:I wouldn’t listen to his explanation because I was that angry at his being late again. 我对他的再次迟到如此生气,所以不愿听他的解释。

【经典例析1】(2012四川卷) I make [S] 2,000 a week, 60 surely won’t make

difference to me.

A. that a big B. a that big C. big a that D. that big a

【解析】答案选D。that在句中用作程度副词,表示“那么,那样”,此时它的用法和so的用法一样,后接形容词或副词。that big a difference相当于so big a difference。句意:我一个星期赚2000美元,60美元对我来说没什么。

【经典例析2】(2004广东卷)Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn’t always much to do.

A. such B. that C. more D. very

【解析】答案选B。that用作程度副词,表示“那么,那样”。句意:在这里工作有时候有点无趣,因为没有那么多事情可做。

二、 从属连词

that用作从属连词,可以引导状语从句、名词性从句或用于强调句型。有时有实际意义,有时只起连接作用,无实际意义。

1. 引导状语从句

that引导状语从句时,经常与其他词搭配,表达一个实际的意义,如:

【经典例析3】(2011上海卷)The police officers in our city work hard the rest of us can live a safe life.

A. in case B. as if C. in order that D. only if

【解析】答案选C。in order that为了,引导目的状语从句。in case以防万一;as if就像;only if只有。句意:为了让我们过上安全的生活,我们城市的警察们努力地工作着。

【经典例析4】(2011山东卷)He had his camera ready he saw something that would make a good picture.

A. even if B. if only C. in case D. so that

【解析】答案选C。in case以防万一;even if即便,即使;if only要是……就好了;so that如此……以致……。句意:他将相机准备好,以防他看到什么可以拍下来的。

【经典例析5】(2012江苏卷)One’s life has value one brings value to the life of others.

A. so that B. no matter how

C. as long as D. except that

【解析】答案选C。as long as只要;so that以便;no matter how不管怎样;except that除了。句意:一个人只要给别人的生活创造了价值,他的生命就是有价值的。

【经典例析6】(2007上海卷)Pop music is such an important part of society it has even influenced our language.

A. as B. that C. which D. where

【解析】答案选B。such...that...如此……以致……。句意:流行音乐是社会如此重要的一部分,以致它甚至影响了我们的语言。

2. 引导名词性从句

【经典例析7】(2012北京卷)Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt he could have expressed it differently.

A. why B. how C. that D. whether

【解析】答案选C。that引导宾语从句,作feel的宾语。句意:杰瑞不后悔作了这样的评论,但他觉得他本可以用另一种方式表达的。

【经典例析8】(2012江苏卷) The notice came around two in the afternoon the meeting would be postponed.

A. when B. that C. whether D. how

【解析】答案选B。that引导同位语从句,补充说明notice的内容。句意:下午大约两点,通知说会议将被推迟。

3. 用于强调句型It is/was...that...

【经典例析9】(2011湖南卷)It’s not what we do once in a while shapes our lives, but what we do consistently.

A. which B. that C. how D. when

【解析】答案选B。在强调句型中it为引导词,that无意义,仅起连接作用。句意:不是我们偶尔做什么,而是我们一直做的事决定着我们的生活。

三、 代词

1. 替代词

【经典例析10】(2012全国卷II)Sarah made to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.

A. herself B. this C. that D. it

【解析】答案选D。make it为固定用语,意为“成功地做到某事”。本句意为:萨拉及时赶到机场,搭上了上午的航班。one泛指同类事物,替代单数可数名词,指人或物,若前有定语修饰时须加冠词,复数为ones;it特指同一事物,替代单数可数名词,指物,也可指代前面整个句子内容;that特指同类事物,替代单数可数名词,同the one,或替代不可数名词;those特指同类事物,替代复数可数名词,指人或物,同the ones,后接定语或接of。

【经典例析11】(2012辽宁卷)If you’re buying today’s paper from the stand, could you get for me?

A. one B. such C. this D. that

【解析】答案选A。解析同上。

【经典例析12】(2009年全国卷Ⅰ)One of the most important questions they had to consider was of public health.

A. what B. this C. that D. which

【解析】答案选C。解析同上。

2. 指示代词

【经典例析13】(2011重庆卷)—Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like.

—What do you think of over there?

A. the one B. this C. it D. that

【解析】答案选D。指示代词this指时间或空间较近的人或物,用于打电话用语时表说话者,也可以用于引出事物,起“启下”作用,用于指代下文中整个句子;而that则指较远的人或物,用于打电话用语时表对方,也可以用于指代前文中说过的事物,起“承上”作用。

3. 关系代词

【经典例析14】(2012全国卷II)That evening, I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.

A. that B. which C. what D. when

【解析】答案选B。which引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为evening,that不可用于引导非限制性定语从句。

【经典例析15】(2012福建卷)The air quality in the city, is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.

A. that B. it C. as D. what

【解析】答案选C。as引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为“The air quality... the past two months”整个句子,表“正如”,as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在句首、句中或句尾。that不可引导非限制性定语从句。

【经典例析16】(2010全国卷II)I refuse to accept the blame for something was someone else’s fault.

A. who B. that C. as D. what

【解析】答案选B。引导限制性定语从句时,如果先行词是不定代词或者有不定代词、序数词、形容词最高级修饰,或者先行词中既有表示人的词也有表示物的词时,只能用关系代词that。

四、 易混的that相关搭配

not that 并非,并不是说 now that 既然

in that 因为,由于 seeing that 鉴于,因为

considering that 考虑到,就……而论

例如:Now that you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. 既然你得到了一个机会,就应该好好利用它。

The public advertisements are necessary in that they tell people what to do and what not to do. 公益广告很有必要,因为它们告诉人们什么该做什么不该做。