hit,beat,strike异同辨

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英语中,表示“打”这个动作的动词有hit，beat, strike等，同学们常常容易将它们混淆。下面结合实例，辨析其异同。

hit

1. 表示具体的打击

（1） 常指速度极快地击打、冲击，击中、命中某人（或某物）一次（或一下）。如：

The robber hit him heavily on the head with a baseball bat. 抢劫犯用一根棒球棍重重地打在他的头上。

（2） 用于体育运动中时，可表示用球拍击球等，与strike等同。如：

James hit / struck the ball as hard as he could and it hit / struck the back of the court.詹姆斯用力地击了一下球，球落在了后场。

（3） 表示碰撞，与strike等同。如：

The ceiling is very low, so watch your head in case it hits/strikes you. 屋顶很低，小心你的头，以免撞到。

2．表示抽象意义的打击

（1） 表示遭受某种袭击或重创，用法、意义相当于strike。如：

The coastal city was terribly hit / struck in an unexpected hurricane, causing hundreds of deaths.这个海滨城市在一次意外的飓风中严重受创，数百人死亡。

（2） 在精神方面受打击、伤害、损失等，相当于hurt的用法和意义。如：

They were hit / hurt first by the soaring price. 他们是物价飞涨首当其冲的受害者。

（3） 在口语中，hit 还可以表示“突然想起……”, 此时其用法和意义等同于strike。如：

Suddenly it hit / struck me that it would be my mother’s 50thbirthday the day after tomorrow.我突然想起后天是我妈妈50岁生日。

beat

1. 表示具体的打击

（1） 指连续地打击、冲击、捶打等。如：

The wave beats the shore, washing the sands and the rocks. 海浪拍打着海岸，冲刷着沙滩和岩石。

（2） 指有节奏的敲打。如：

The rain beat against the window. 雨打在窗上。

2. 表示抽象含义

表示打败、战胜、胜过、超过等。如：

The strange story beat everything I had ever heard. 那个怪诞的故事是我闻所未闻的。

I was going to take the seat but another man beat me to it. 我刚要坐下，另一个人抢在我前面了。

strike

1. 表示具体的含义

（1） 指给予重击、击中、碰撞等，意义上接近hit， 但通常指程度较重的打击。如：

He struck the table angrily. 他愤怒地拍打桌子。

His head struck the corner of the table as he fell down. 当他倒地时，头撞在了桌角上。

（2） 把……刺入，使……穿透。如：

He struck a knife into the bear’s heart. 他把刀刺入熊的心脏。

The winter wind struck a chill into her bones. 冬风吹得她寒冷彻骨。

（3） （光线）照到，（声音）传入。如：

The rising sun was striking the wings of the plane. 朝阳正照在机翼上。

The pleasant music struck our ears. 悦耳的音乐传入我们的耳朵。

（4） 擦火柴，打火。如：

The little girl struck a match to get some warm. 小姑娘擦着了一根火柴取暖。

（5） （钟等）敲响报时。如：

The church clock struck 9 when we arrived home. 当我们到家时，教堂的钟敲了9下。

2. 表示抽象含义

（1） 指突然遭受伤害、侵袭、折磨、损失等，相当于hit的用法和意义。如：

A storm struck/ hit the village and caused 9 deaths. 一场暴风雨袭击了村庄，并造成9人死亡。

（2） 使突然想起、意识到等，相当于hit，但更书面化。如：

It struck me that I had an important meeting to attend. 我突然想起有一个重要会议要参加。

（3） 给……留下深刻印象，感动，引起（感情、情绪等）。如：

His words struck fear in the listeners. 他的话在听众中引起了恐慌。

【练习题】

1. The Cleveland Cavaliers ______ theLosAngelesLakers 108∶89 in the NBAon Sunday.

A. hit B. hitted

C. beat D. struck

2. Tom was so angry with Bob that he ______ Bob on the head.

A. strike B. beat

C. beaten D. hit

3. What a strange man! He loves his wife, but at times he ______ her.

A. beats B. hits

C. strikes D. injures

4. It ______ me that he was an old classmate of mine.

A. hit B. strike

C. beated D. beaten

5. What you said at the meeting yesterday ______ me very much. I was moved.

A. hit B. beat

C. striken D. struck

6. The ship which ______ on a large rock off the southeast coast was made in a ship-building factory on the coast.

A. beat B. hurt

C. hit D. wounded

7. ―You seemed to be deeply

______ by his skill.

―Not exactly so. It was his courage rather than his skill that reallyme most.

A. hit； struck

B. struck； beat

C. struck； struck

D. beat； hit

8. ―Why are your group so happy？

―Our group ______ theirs in the oral English competition.

A. has beaten B. has hit

C. has struck D. have won

9. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was ______ by floods, from which people are still suffering.

A. beaten B. broken

C. hit D. strike

10. She was sitting there silently, listening to the rain ______ the leaves of the trees.

A. beat B. hit

C. strike D. break

（Keys: 1～5 CDAAD6～10 CCACA）