Hanshi Day 寒食节
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在古代，清明节前还有一个与它相连的重要节日――寒食节。现代寒食节基本已经并入清明节，但是两者还是有不同之处，有关寒食节还存在着一个传说呢。
In the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Xian was the monarch of the State of Jin. His eldest son, Shen Sheng was the crown prince. The King doted (宠爱） on his concubine (妃子) Li very much. She wanted to make her own son the crown prince. So she killed Shen Sheng by scheme (计划). Soon afterwards, she wanted to persecute (迫害) Chong’er, the little brother of Shen Sheng. As soon as Chong’er heard about this, he fled abroad together with his henchmen (亲信).
在春秋战国时代，晋献公是晋国的君主。他的长子申生是太子。这位君主很宠爱自己的妃子骊姬。她想让自己的儿子成为太子，因此她就设计谋害了太子申生。不久之后，她又想迫害申生的弟弟重耳。重耳一听到这个消息，便和他的亲信一起流亡他国。
On the way of exile (流亡), Chong’er and his henchmen went through all kinds of hardships and difficulties. One day they came to an uninhabited (荒无人烟的) place where Chong’er, worn out and hungry, suddenly, fell down on the ground.
在流亡期间，重耳和他的亲信受尽了屈辱。一天，他们来到一个荒无人烟的地方，
重耳又累又饿，突然，他晕倒了。
His henchmen searched for a long time but could find nothing to eat. Seeing this, Jie Zitui, one of the henchmen, cut a piece of flesh off his thigh (大腿). He cooked a bowl of soup with his flesh and held it to Chong’er.
他的亲信找了很久，但是什么吃的也没找到。看到这些，介子推，一个跟随重耳的亲信，从他的大腿上割了一块肉并用肉煮了一碗汤，把它送到重耳手中。
Chong’er drank the soup and then recovered gradually. When he asked where they got the flesh, the other henchmen looked at Jie Zitui and told Chong’er everything with tears. Chong’er was so moved.
重耳把汤喝了，逐渐恢复了体力。当他询问他们从哪儿弄到的肉时，亲信们看着介子推，含泪把所有的事都告诉了重耳。重耳非常感动。
Nineteen years later, Chong’er finally became the King of Jin State who was named Jin Wengong. After that, Jin Wengong conferred (授予) titles and awards to the henchmen who had followed him in exile, but only forgot Jie Zitui. Quite a few people felt angry at the injustice done to Jie Zitui.
十九年后，重耳终于成为了晋国的国君，名为晋文公。晋文公执政后，对那些和他同甘共苦的臣子大加封赏，唯独忘了介子推。有人觉得很愤怒，为介子推叫屈。
When Jin Wengong heard of that, he felt very ashamed. Bringing his men, he made a personal call to Jie’s house to invite him, but only to find the door was locked. Some neighbors said that Jie was not willing to be an official and had gone to the Mianshan Mountain with his mother.
晋文公听说这件事后觉得很愧疚，马上带人去请介子推上朝受赏封赏。可是，当晋文公来到介子推家时，只见大门紧闭。邻居说他不愿做官，已经和母亲躲进了绵山。
The Mianshan Mountain was very high with a dangerous and difficult mountain pass. And it was by no means easy to look for Jie and his mother. Someone offered a piece of advice of setting a fire to three sides of the mountain. And Jie would come out himself. Jin Wengong agreed.
绵山非常高，只有一条很危险而且很难走的小径，要想找到介子推和他的母亲很困难。有人就建议放火烧山，三面点火，留下一方，介子推就会自己出来的。晋文公同意了。
The fire burned all over the Mianshan Mountain, yet not a shadow of Jie was found. When the fire went out, however, people found Jie dead sitting under an old willow tree with his mother. Seeing this Jin Wengong felt unbearably painful.
大火烧遍了绵山，但是连介子推的影子都没看见。当火熄灭后，人们发现介子推和他的母亲死在一棵柳树下了。看到这个情景，晋文公觉得非常痛心。
When putting Jie’s dead body into the coffin, people found in a hole of the tree trunk a letter written by Jie in his own blood. It read, “I cut off my own flesh to dedicate to you only to express my devotion. And I only wish my king will always be clear and bright. If you will bear me in mind, make self-examination whenever you recollect me.”
安葬了介子推的遗体后，人们发现树干上有个洞，洞里有一封介子推用用自己的血写的信。信上写道：“割肉奉君尽丹心，但愿主公常清明。 柳下作鬼终不见，强似伴君作谏臣。 倘若主公心有我，忆我之时常自省。臣在九泉心无愧，勤政清明复清明。”
The letter written in blood accompanied Jin Wengong to spend the rest of his life. In order to keep in memory of Jie Zitui, he issued an order to change the name of Mianshan into Jieshan and make the day Haishi Day. And on that day every year, no fire or smoke was allowed and people should eat cold food for the whole day.
这封血书陪伴着晋文公度过了他的余生。为了纪念介子推，晋文公下令把绵山改为“介山”，并把放火烧山的这一天定为寒食节。每年的这天禁止烟火，只吃寒食。