对非谓语动词的省略的特征分析

开篇：润墨网以专业的文秘视角，为您筛选了一篇对非谓语动词的省略的特征分析范文，如需获取更多写作素材，在线客服老师一对一协助。欢迎您的阅读与分享！

非谓语动词在历年高考语法项目的考查中都占据着举足轻重的地位。而高考对非谓语动词的省略形式的考查,在近几年的高考试卷中有所加强。

一、动词不定式的省略

例1 The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police________.

A. not to do B. not to

C. not do D. do not

解析:答案为B,易误选A。考查动词不定式否定形式的省略。

例2 The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ________.

A. not to B. not to do

C. not do it D. do not to

解析:答案为A,易误选B。考查动词不定式否定形式的省略。

以上两道题,从试题内容到考点内容几乎是不谋而合地雷同,前者考查的是ask sb. not to do sth. 结构,后者考查的是tell sb. not to do sth.结构,重点考查的都是作宾语补足语的动词不定式否定形式的省略。

省略结构的不定式符号to与非省略形式不定式to do的区别在于:不定式符号to是用来代表前面所述整个动词不定式短语的,它主要用于答语中,若跟在like/love/try/want/hope/wish等动词或习语be able/used之后,则to不可省,也不可在to 之后再加do。如:

(1)We practise playing tennis more often than we used to.

我们比过去更常练习打网球。

(2)He was told that the money would have to be paid back, but he refused to.

他被告知必须还钱,但他拒绝这样做。

(3)However, his parents won’t allow him to train as much as he would like to.

然而,他的父母不会允许他随心所欲地训练。

以上句(1)中的used to,句(2)中的refused to和句(3)中的would like to其后均不可再加do。do也可用来代替前面已出现的动词,但do只可用来代替谓语动词,且谓语动词必须是主动语态。被动语态的谓语动词、be动词、情态动词、动名词、动词不定式均不可用do来代替。这就是与不定式符号to用来代替上文整个动词不定式(短语)的根本区别。如:

(4)A feather falls slower than a stone only because the air holds the feather back more than it does the stone.

羽毛落下的速度比石头慢只是因为空气对羽毛的阻力要比空气对石头的阻力大。

(5)I knew he would help us,and he did.

我知道他会帮助我们的,他确实也帮助了我们。

二、分词的省略

分词的省略主要表现在:

1.“从属连词+分词”结构中“主语+be动词”的省略

例3 Film has a much shorter history,especially when ________ such art forms as music and painting.

A. having compared to B. comparing to

C. compare to D. compared to

解析:答案为D。空格前省略了film is,由于compare与句中的主语构成被动关系,所以应该选择过去分词,即构成“连词when+过去分词”的省略结构。句意为“电影的历史较短,尤其是与音乐、绘画这类艺术形式比较起来时,更是如此”。

例4 Anyone,once ________ positive for H7N9 flu virus,will receive free medical treatment from our government.

A. to be tested B. being tested

C. tested D. to test

解析:答案为C。由“连词once+过去分词”构成分词的省略结构,作时间状语,谓语动词与句中主语构成被动关系,因此应用过去分词,省去了anyone is。句意为“任何人一旦检查出感染了H7N9病毒,将一律接受政府的免费治疗”。

例5 If ________ to look after luggage for someone else,inform the police at once.

A. asked B. to ask

C. asking D. having asked

解析:答案为A。由“连词if+过去分词”构成分词的省略结构,作条件状语,asked前省略了you are。句意为“如果有人要求你为别人照看行李的话,你要立即告知警察”。

从以上考题可以看出,如果动词与句中的主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系时,就可用“连词+过去分词”的省略结构,在句中作状语,类似的结构有:though surprised(尽管感到惊奇),unless invited(除非受到邀请),than expected(比原来想象的),as shown in the picture(如图所示),when not treated in time([提供论文和论文服务,欢迎光临]如果没有及时治疗的话)等;当动词与句中主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系时,就应用“连词+现在分词”的省略结构。如:

Don’t reach sideways while standing on a ladder(while standing =while you are standing).

当站在梯子上的时候,你不要侧着身子去够东西。

2.“助动词+分词”结构中助动词的省略

例 6 Peter had intended to take a job in business,but ________ that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in 2010.

A. had abandoned B. abandoned

C. abandon D. will abandon

解析:答案为B。由并列连词and/or/but连接两个并列谓语时,如果谓语动词由“助动词+分词”构成,其第二个谓语中的助动词应省略,只用分词即可,因此不可选择A。句意为“皮特原本打算从事商业,但2010年在加拿大那次不愉快的经历之后,他放弃了那个打算”。“情态动词+非谓语动词”构成的省略结构也是如此。如:She could speak like anperson and sing like an angel wh en she was a child.(当她还是个孩子的时候,她讲起话来就像一个成年人一样,唱起歌来就像天使一样。)

三、动名词逻辑主语的省略

例7 The station master was so thankful to Edison for ________ his son that he decided to teach him railway telegraphy.

A. save B. his saving C. saving D. to save

解析:答案为C。如果作介词宾语用的动名词的逻辑主语已在句中其他地方有暗示时,该动名词的逻辑主语应省略。介词for前已指明saving的动作是由Edison发出的,因此不可选择B。

例8 It was no use ________ that I had not seen him, so I waved to him.

A. to pretending B. pretending

C. my pretending D. me pretending

解析:答案为B。no use 习惯于后接动名词,又由于该动名词的逻辑主语已从其后的主语从句中的主语“I”显现出来,所以不可选择C和D。

例9 Once your business becomes international,________ constantly will be part of your life.

A. you fly B. your flight C. flight D. flying

解析:答案为D。分析句子结构可知,主句中缺少主语。B、C、D项均可在句中作主语,但由于空格后有副词修饰,所以选D。动名词flying在句中作主语,由于flying的逻辑主语已在从句中有暗示,所以flying之前不用加your