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[摘要] 目的 探讨罗哌卡因与芬太尼用于分娩镇痛对母婴的影响。 方法 选择45例患者单纯使用0.2%盐酸罗哌卡因进行分娩镇痛(对照组),并与45例使用0.1%的盐酸罗哌卡因+1.5 μg/mL的芬太尼患者(观察组)比较两组产妇产程情况以及统计两组新生儿的Apgar评分。 结果 观察组活跃期显著短于对照组(P < 0.05),同时两组产妇第二产程时间差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),观察组产妇新生儿出生时、出生后1 min和出生后5 min Apgar评分均显著高于对照组(P < 0.05)。 结论 罗哌卡因联合芬太尼用于分娩镇痛,几乎不影响产妇产程,且对胎儿抑制小,可作为一种值得临床推广的方法。
[关键词] 罗哌卡因;芬太尼;分娩镇痛;母婴影响
[中图分类号] R614 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674—4721(2012)09(c)—0084—02
Analysis of ropivacaine and fentanyl for labor analgesia on maternal—fetal impact
PENG Shuwei
Anesthesiology Department, the Fifth People''s Hospital of Wanzhou District of Chongqing City, Chongqing 404020, China
[Abstract] Objective To analyze the ropivacaine and fentanyl for labor analgesia on maternal—fetal impact. Methods Forty—five cases of patients were selected as control group and used 0.2% ropivacaine hydrochloride for analgesia during labor, and 45 patients used 0.1% ropivacaine hydrochloride + 1.5 μg/mL fentanyl as observation group, patient with labor and neonatal Apgar score of two groups were compared. Results In the observation group active stage was significantly shorter than that of control group (P < 0.05), and two groups of women during the second stage of labor time had no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05), the observation group in maternal neonatal birth, born after 1 min and after the birth of the 5 min Apgar score were significantly higher than those of control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Ropivacaine combined with fentanyl for labor analgesia, almost not affect on maternal and fetal birth process, inhibition of small, so it can be used as a worthy of clinical application methods.
[Key words] Ropivacaine; Fentanyl; Labor analgesia; Maternal—fetal impact
分娩过程中轻度疼痛可引起剧烈反应使情绪更加紧张,剧烈疼痛会使产妇产生焦虑、恐惧、紧张心理,紧张焦虑使神经介质分泌增多,影响子宫有效收缩,延长产程,副交感神经反射可使产妇恶心、呕吐,大量出汗、脱水,酸中毒,致胎儿宫内窘迫,甚至窒息,分娩安全、无痛苦是医患共同关注的焦点[1]。本研究主要探讨罗哌卡因联合芬太尼在分娩镇痛中的应用价值,现报道如下:
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选择2010年1月~2012年1月本院产科收治的住院无痛分娩者90例,均为头位单活胎,随机分为两组,观察组45例,年龄19~35岁,平均28.2岁,ASA分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,体重53~79 kg,平均68.9 kg,孕龄37~42周,平均39.6周;对照组45例,年龄19~36岁,平均27.9岁,ASA分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,体重52~78 kg,平均68.7 kg,孕龄37~42周,平均38.9周;两组年龄、ASA分级、体重以及孕龄等差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 方法
本组所有产妇在进入活跃期,宫口开大3 cm后进入产房进行硬膜外穿刺留置导管实施硬膜外镇痛,其中硬膜外穿刺点选择为L2~3,导管向头端置入3 cm,妥善固定,将患者仰卧位后注入1%利多卡因5 mL,确定硬膜外导管位置正确以及排除全脊麻置入血管丛内后,对照组使用0.2%盐酸罗哌卡因(耐乐品,阿斯利康公司生产)10 mL经硬膜外导管注入,并连接0.2%盐酸罗哌卡因100 mL的自控镇痛装置,观察组则使用0.1%的盐酸罗哌卡因+1.5 μg/mL的芬太尼10 mL经硬膜外导管注入,后同样连接100 mL的自控镇痛装置,其中镇痛泵背景量为10 mL/h,锁定时间为30 min,单次自控加药量为5 mL,观察产妇宫口情况,待宫口开全后停止给药。比较两组产妇产程情况以及统计两组新生儿的Apgar评分。