高考非谓语动词考查小结(下)
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热点四、独立主格结构
例7 （2012 全国卷） The party will be held in the garden, weather _______.
A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit
【答案与解析】 A。weather与permit之间是主动关系。
【归纳与总结】
（1） 独立主格的构成形式：名词（代词）+形容词/副词/现在分词/过去分词/不定式/介词短语。在句子中作状语，动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式，被动关系用过去分词形式，用不定式表示主动关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。例如：
The girl staring at him, he didn’t know what to say.
The problems solved, the quality has been improved.
They said good?bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore.
（2）非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语与主句主语保持一致，而独立主格结构中的非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，故称之为独立主格。例如：
独立主格：The test finished, we began our holiday.
非谓语动词作状语：Hearing the bad news, he cried.
【巩固练习】
1. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _____ for the day.
A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished
Key: B
热点五、非谓语作定语
例8（2012山东卷） After completing and singing it, please return the form to us in the envelope .
A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide
例9 （2012北京卷） Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds away.
A. to stay B. staying C. stayed D. stay
例10 （2012上海卷） The club, 25 years ago, is holding a party for the past and present members.
A. founded B. founding C. being found D. to be found
【答案与解析】 8. B 9. A 10. A
例8 envelope 和provide 之间是被动关系；例9是动词不定式短语作后置定语修饰warning; 例10句意：建于25年前的这家俱乐部正在为它的新老会员们举行一个聚会。the club与found之间是被动关系，并且动作已发生。
【归纳与总结】
（1）不定式作定语表将来;现在分词（短语）作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动或进行；过去分词（短语）作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动或完成；being done 形式作定语表示与所修饰的名词之间为被动关系且动作正在进行。
例如：The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.
= The meeting being held now is of great importance.
= The meeting held yesterday is of great importance.
（2）分词作定语也可以用逗号与所修饰的名词隔开。
例如：The book, written by Hanhan, is very interesting.
【巩固练习】
1. （2012江西卷） John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter him it.
A. offered B. offering C. to offer D. to be offered
2. （2012湖南卷） The lecture, at 7:00 p.m. last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.
A. starting B. being started C. to start D. to be started
3. （2012浙江卷） “It is such a nice place,” Mother said as she sat at the table for customers.
A. to be reserved B. having reserved C. reserving D. reserved
4. （2012 重庆卷） We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision at the meeting will influence the future of our company.
A. to be made B. being made C. made D. being been made
Keys: 1~4 BADA
热点六、动词不定式作主语
例11（2012浙江卷） No matter how bright a talker you are, these are times when it’s better silent.
A. remain B. be remaining C. having remained D. to remain
【答案与解析】 D。It is better to do sth. , 做某事更好。it 是形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语。
【归纳与总结】
（1）不定式作主语常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在放在句子的后面。常见的句型是：It is +adj.+to do sth.。例如：It is necessary to ask our teachers for some advice.
【巩固练习】
It is important English.
A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. having learned
Key: C
热点七、非谓语动词作宾语和宾语补足语
例12（2012上海卷） When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble ______ the right things to say.
A. thinking of B. to think of C. thought of D. think of
例13 （2012 福建卷） China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from in the South Sea.
A. attacking B. having attacked C. being attacked D. having been attacked
例14（2012四川卷） I looked up and noticed a snake its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound
【答案与解析】 12. A 13. C 14. C
例12 考查固定结构have trouble（in） doing sth.;例13考查固定结构prevent sth. from doing，且Chinese fishing boats 与attack之间是被动关系，故排除AB两项，D项表示动作发生在过去，故排除；例14考查“notice +宾语+do/doing/done”结构，句意：我抬起头注意到一条蛇正爬上树去捕食猎物。动作正在进行，故用现在分词形式。
【归纳与总结】
（1） 介词+doing / being done 结构。例如：
He left us without saying good?bye.
He entered the classroom without being noticed by his teacher.
（2）记住以非谓语动词形式作宾语和宾语补足语的特殊动词的结构形式。
【巩固练习】
1. （2012北京卷） One learns a language by making mistakes and them.
A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correcting
2. （2012湖南卷） We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs to achieve the final success.
A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to do
3. （2012四川卷） Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car .
A. washed B. wash C. washing D. to wish
4. （2012上海卷） As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn’t allowed into the sports club.
A. going B. to go C. go D. gone
Keys: 1~4 DCAB