TreaSures in AuStro―Hungarian Empire―Hungarian NationalGallery ll奥匈帝国的珍宝――匈牙利国家美
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德艺志
“匈牙利国家美术馆集中陈列着自11世纪以来整个匈牙利民族最经典的艺术作品，以绘画为主，也包括雕塑和装饰艺术等，堪称是展示本国民族文化底蕴的最高平台。随着在展厅中游览的逐渐深入，愈发觉得我们对匈牙利民族文化所知实在是过于局限了……一个全国总人口不足1000万的国家，竟然有着如此深厚的文化积淀，着实令人刮目相看。
既然美术馆作为殿堂级的公共教育机构陈列着整个匈牙利民族的‘国粹’，那就必须得有拿得出手的，享誉世界的本土艺术巨匠。在这儿‘镇馆’的大师，就是被誉为匈牙利最伟大画家的米哈伊・蒙卡奇。”――王加
Mihaly Munkacsy：The Greatest Pqinter Of Hungary米哈伊・蒙卡奇：匈牙利最伟大的画家
Due to limited knowledge of Eastern European culture， before my trip to Budapest， I am not familiar with Mihaly Munkacsy’s work. Yet， after visiting the permanent Mihaly Munkacsy exhibition in hungarian National Gallery，I fell in love with his rich and decorous painting helplessly.
Not many painters can be revered as the symbolic artists representing national image， like Gustav Klimt for Austria and Alfons Mucha for Czech Republic. Mihaly Munkacsy， howev-er， is equal to their status in Hungary.
In the greyish green exhibition room， the masterpieces of Mihaly Munkacsy are all on display. The maestro himself was born in mid-19th century，his parents passed away since he was a child； he has suffered many setbacks throughout his life， but all the frustrations had led to the depth and infec-tivity of his realism painting style. By virtue of his diligence， the excellent understanding in art and the accurate capture of character’s real life emotions， Mihaly Munkacsy was a specific personality of the history of Hungarian and European painting.
His works contain different trends and genres， includ-ing the realistic themes which were influenced by French realism pioneers Jean-Francois Millet and Gustave Courbet and the aethetic landscape paintings which were inspired by Barbizon school maestro Jean Baptiste Camille Corot. His exquisite salon scenes and still-life paintings that reflected peaceful， harmonious city life were widely welcomed by Hun-garian bourgeoisie and upper class in the late 19th century； Meanwhile， he also made outstanding portraits， depicting his contemporary Franz Liszt， the greatest-ever Hungarian musi-cian， and the image of Jesus Christ. As for historical compo-sitions， Mihaly Munkacsy was able to restore the scene that the iconic English Poet John Milton was dictating his greatest creation Paradise Lost to his daughters in such a profound and vivid way； while he could also give a tragic， dramatic representation recreating the moment when Wolfgang Ama-deus Mozart was rehearsing his unfinished Requiem before his early death. Furthermore， his works contain traditional religious themes as well.
Roaming inside the art wonders of Mihaly Munkacsy， I was so shocked after seeing so many of his original works within such a short distance. To be able to master both real-ism and romanticism style effortlessly is such an outstandingachievement. Yet， through his conflicted representationsbetween reality and ideal life， we can experience his roughpersonal experiences and the desire for peaceful life in hispaintings.
由于对东欧的文化所知有限，在前往布达佩斯之前，米哈伊・蒙卡奇这个名字对我还很陌生。可当参观完匈牙利国家美术馆为他单独开设的长期陈列展厅之后，我便彻底爱上了他那厚重浓郁的作品。
并不是所有绘画大师的地位都能像奥地利的克里姆特和捷克的穆哈一样尊贵到能够代表国家形象。但米哈伊・蒙卡奇对于句牙利的重要性，绝对能和他们在各自国家的地位相抗衡。
灰绿色的展厅中，蒙卡奇的经典名作悉数在列。这位生活在19世纪后半叶的匈牙利绘画巨匠早年父母双亡，一生坎坷，但生活的艰辛反而造就了他写实主义风格的深度和感染力。凭借着自身的勤奋，对艺术的绝佳领悟力和对人物现实生活情感的精准捕捉，蒙卡奇在匐牙利和欧洲绘画史上都占有着举足轻重的地位。
其一生的作品风格题材多变，既包含受法国写实主义先驱米勒和库尔贝所影响的描绘人民现实生活的主题；也包括吸收柯罗等巴比松画派大师创作灵感的唯美风景画。其精美雅致的沙龙画和静物画在19世纪中晚期的匈牙利饱受中产阶级和上流社会热捧，反映了和谐无忧的城市生活；而他的肖像画既包含为与他同时代的匈牙利最伟大音乐家李斯特所绘的肖像，也有反映的耶稣造像。在主题创作方面，他将英国著名诗人弥尔顿口述其传世诗歌《失乐园》的场景刻画得深刻而传神，而将奥地利音乐天才莫扎特临终前排练其未完成《安魂曲》时的状态又描绘得极富悲剧色彩。与此同时，他的创作主题还涉猎传统圣经题材……题材之广泛令人惊叹。
在展厅中惬意地漫步在米哈伊・蒙卡奇的艺术世界里，感触颇多：能在写实主义与浪漫主义两种风格中如此游刃有余地行走，着实难能可贵。其饱经风霜的个人经历与向往恬淡生活的美好愿望，也可以完全从他饱含理想与现实激烈碰撞的作品中有所感受。
AMusical Genius’s by a painting Master
大师笔下的大师
Inside the Mihaly Munkacsy hall，one specific portrait that placed in the most visible position has drawn my attention. As a music lover myself， I am so familiar with the man in this portrait： he is not only the thoroughly deserved No.l national treasure in Hungarian musical history， but also the symbolic figure who represents the highest level of Hungarian art-he is Franz Liszt.
Anyone who has been to Austria will know that， regard-less of Vienna or Salzburg， you can see Mozart’s sign any-where you walk. The wise Austrians have developed the im- age of Mozart into an industry. Even though， Liszfs exposure in Hungary is not as frequent as Mozart in Austria； but if you pay enough attention， you will discover many clues about him in the beautiful Budapest.
More than one Liszt’s statue was exhibited in the Hun- garian National Gallery， for all his contribution to classic music world and music education， he deserved to be treated as“National Culture Symbol”. Munkacsy’s portrait of Liszt is dis-played in such an eye-catching position， where anyone who is familiar with Liszt’s face will never miss out the painting. The brilliance of this portrait lies in that Munkacsy skillfully used light to gather all attention of audiences to Liszt’s face and hands. In his late years， Liszt was sitting in front of the piano， wear-ing priest’s clothes. The age turned his hair completely white； yet his trademark hairstyle that led the fashion trend in his day remained radiant. Indeed， Franz Liszt who lived more than two centuries ago was the abso-lute superstar in classical music world， just like today’s David Beckham. Munkacsy did magically highlight his face， within his dignified outlook we can even discover the serene， softhearted faaal expression through his eyes. To represent his most admirable profession，Munkacsy“lightened up”his hands as well， which symbolized that all the musical magic Liszt created came from these two miraculous hands. In all art forms， music and painting interlinks. A musical genius’portrait by a painting maestro-two greatest Hungarian artists shared their appreciations in this precious work. How lucky we are to be able to share this touching respect！
在蒙卡奇的展厅中，有一张摆在极其醒目位置上的肖像画吸引了我的注意。痴迷音乐的我，对这位再熟悉不过了：他是匈牙利音乐史上当之无愧的一号国宝，也是代表国家艺术最高水平的符号。他就是“钢琴之王”弗朗茨・李斯特。
去过奥地利的朋友都清楚，无论你走在维也纳或者萨尔茨堡大街上，到哪儿你都会看到莫扎特。智慧的奥地利人已经把莫扎特变成一个产业，印有莫扎特头像的产品如影随形，无处不在。而在匈牙利，李斯特的“出镜率”虽然没有莫扎特在奥地利那么高，但如果稍加留意，还是会在这座美丽的城市中发现很多和他有关的细节。
光走进匈牙利国家美术馆，在参观沿途中就发现不止一座李斯特的雕像，对于作为“国家文化符号”的他在古典音乐领域及音乐教育所作出的巨大贡献，我对此丝毫不觉得奇怪。蒙卡奇所绘的李斯特肖像位于展厅的中心位置，因此但凡认得李斯特那张脸的，几乎不可能错过。蒙卡奇创作此肖像画的精妙之处在于，他巧妙地运用光线将所有观众的目光聚焦到李斯特的脸和双手。画中的李斯特已是晚年，坐在钢琴前的他一身神父装束，虽然头发已经花白，却依旧留着年轻时他那引领时尚潮流的长发。两个世纪前的李斯特，就相当于今天的贝克汉姆，绝对是古典音乐界当之无愧的“明星”，一举一动备受瞩目且万人效仿。蒙卡奇对于李斯特的脸部进行了高光处理，突出了他那神色威严却又透出一丝安详与和蔼的神情。而对于他那令万人敬仰的职业，蒙卡奇用另一束光“点亮”他的双手，也意味着“钢琴之王”一切的魔幻与神奇都来自这双修长的双手。艺术当中，音画互感。大师笔下的大师，凸显出匈牙利历史上绘画与音乐两位最伟大艺术家的那份包含敬畏之心的惺惺相惜。
唱片推介
罗比・拉卡托斯的同名专辑Lakatos
欣赏经典的匈牙利大师名作，则必须要配上原汁原昧的匈牙利民族音乐。本期给朋友们推荐的唱片出自于匈牙利当代最负盛名的小提琴家，罗比・拉卡托斯的Lakatos。
说起罗比・拉卡托斯，他应该算是古典音乐界里的一朵“奇葩”。几十年前他还并不为世人所熟知时，20世纪最伟大的小提琴大师之一的耶胡迪-梅纽因大师就打着“飞的”专程前往布达佩斯的酒馆里听他现场演奏。规格也太高了点儿吧？当然，如果你听说拉卡托斯的七世祖上是被贝多芬本人极度推崇并且“追着听”的，梅纽因大师的举动就不足为怪了。
这张拉卡托斯的首张唱肖收录了包括《云雀》、《恰尔达什》等多首匈牙利民歌，两首勃拉姆斯的《匈牙利舞曲》以及哈恰图良的《马刀舞曲》等小品。作为土生土长的匈牙利人，拉卡托斯的诠释洋溢着随性、轻松与欢愉，反映出吉普赛这个流浪民族最典型的特质。我曾在去年看过他的现场演奏，那感觉，夸张点儿说，他就像抱着小提琴出生，驾驭得简直是登峰造极，而且演奏起来行云流水，毫不费力，脸上还始终洋溢着一丝微笑。配上他那标志性的小胡子、圆润的身形以及演奏时的独门绝活“轮指”技法，谁看着心情都愉悦。而无论何时，当我放上拉卡托斯的唱片，那份专属于匈牙利民族的欢愉就会如约而至。边听他的音乐，边欣赏蒙卡奇的名作，绝对是感受匈牙利民族的热情洋溢与丰富厚重的不二之选。