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1. 如果今晚你去参加晚会,你会玩得很开心。
误: If you will go to the party this evening, you’ll have a great time.
正: If you go to the party this evening, you’ll have a great time.
析:在含if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句中,如果主句谓语动词是一般将来时, if从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时来表示将来时间。例如:
If she studies harder, she will do better in math. 如果她学习更努力,她的数学将会学得更好。
2. 他花了两天半时间做这项工作。
误: He spent two and a half day (in) doing the work.
正: He spent two and a half days (in) doing the work.
正:He spent two days and a half (in) doing the work.
析:表示“……个半”时,应用“数词 + 名词(复数) + and a half”或“数词 + and a half + 名词(复数)”。例如:
They have lived there for three years and a half. (= They have lived there for three and a half years.) 他们已经在那里住了三年半了。
3. 如果你这样做了,老师们会把它拿走。
误: If you do, the teachers will take away it.
正: If you do, the teachers will take it away.
析: take away意为“拿走、取走”,它是由“动词 + 副词”构成的短语动词,当它后面接宾格代词时,代词须放在副词之前。若后接名词,名词可放在副词之前或副词之后。例如:
The man took his bag away. (= The man took away his bag.) 那个男人把他的提包拿走了。
4. 我将来想成为一名科学家。
误: I want to become a scientist in the future.
正: I want to be a scientist in the future.
析: become意为“变成”,多指身份、职位等的变化,它强调变化的过程已经完成,后面可接名词或形容词。 become通常不用来表示将来的事,表示未来之事的“成为(变得)”通常用be来表示。例如:
She became a famous writer. 她成了有名的作家。
After a while, the road became narrower and steeper. 过了一会儿,路变得又窄又陡。
5. 他靠养蜂为生。
误: He made living by keeping bees.
正: He made a living by keeping bees.
析: make a living意为“谋生”, make a living (by) doing sth 意为“以……谋生”, by可省略。但不定冠词a不能省略。例如:
It is not so helpful to give someone some bread as to teach him how to make a living. 帮助人,与其给他面包,倒不如教他如何谋生。
6. 你学习越努力,你学到的东西就会越多。
误: The harder you will study, the more you will learn.
正: The harder you study, the more you will learn.
析: “the + adj/adv比较级”, the + adj/adv比较级 ...”表示“越……,越……”。该句式表示前后两者的程度同时增加或减少。用形容词比较级还是用副词比较级,取决于谓语动词,若谓语动词是系动词就用形容词比较级;若是实义动词就用副词比较级。需要注意的是:若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时,从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来时间。例如:
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you’ll make. 你越细心,犯的错误就会越少。
7. 我们应该给抱小孩的妇女让座。
误: We should make a room for the woman with a baby in her arms.
正: We should make room for the woman with a baby in her arms.
析: room表示“空间、地方、场所”时是不可数名词,其前不能加不定冠词。 room 表示“房间”时是可数名词,其前可加不定冠词。例如:
They are looking for a room to put the things in. 他们在找个房间放这些东西。
8. 我父亲去过北京两次。
误: My father has gone to Beijing twice.
正: My father has been to Beijing twice.
析: have gone to意为“到某地去了”,说话时此人不在现场,主语一般为第三人称; have been to意为“曾经去过某地”,表示一种经历,含有“现在人已离开那儿”之意。例如:
―Where is Jim? 吉姆在哪里?
―He has gone to England. 他去英国了。(人不在这里)
I have never been to the Great Wall. 我从未去过长城。
[练习] 从下列各句的A、B、C、D中找出错项,并加以改正。
1. We’ll go to the park if it won’t rain tomorrow.
A
B
C
D
2. One and a half hour later the little boy woke up.
A
B
C D
3. John, here are your shoes. Please take away them.
A
B
C
D
4. Her sister will become a doctor when she grows up.
A
B
C
D
5. The old woman makes living by selling newspapers.
A
B
C
D
6. The harder you will work, the greater progress you will make.
A
B
C
D
7. Is there a room for me in the car?
A
B
C
D
8. Mr Wang isn’t here. He has been to Qingdao.
A
B
C D
Key:
1. C。 won’tdoesn’t2. B。 hourhours3. D。 away themthem away
4. B。 becomebe5. A。 livinga living6. B。 will workwork
7. B。 a roomroom8. C。 beengone