中考英语语境考查热点
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纵观近几年的中考英语试题，我们不难发现，它们都有一个明显特点，就是将语法、词法和句法有机地融于情景中进行检测，突显对语境的考查。这一特点强调了语言的运用能力，使英语学习更加切合生活实际。能否得心应手地解答这类试题,关键是对所给语境进行分析推理，捕捉有用信息。
一、单项选择考语境
(一)对话式单项选择
郑州、沈阳2006年的单项选择题全是“对话式”题干。题干虽然提供了一个小语境，但常存在省略现象，某些时态、词义等都要通过上下文来推测。答语的依据隐藏在问句中，或问句的依据包含在答语中，因此解答这类题，一定要注意语境暗示。例如：
1. - Where did you go last night？
- I ___ to go to Liujun's birthday party.（郑州市）
A. asked B. am asked
C. have been asked D. was asked
【评析】 问句Where did you go last night（昨天晚上你去了哪里），答句中省略时间状语last night，因此答句中应该用一般过去时态。然后再判断主语I与动词ask的关系。从句意“我被邀请去参加Liujun的生日晚会”判断，主语I应该是承受者，此题属于在语境中考查一般过去式的被动语态，正确答案选D。
2.- Why does Joe look so ______ today？
- Because she has got an"A"in her English test.
(南京市)
A. excitingB. sadC. happy D. angry
【评析】 此题考查的语言点是look做系动词，译为“显得，看起来”，后面应该跟形容词。4个答案均为形容词，因此答案暗示在语境She has got an"A"in her English test中，自然排除B、D，而exciting是“令人兴奋，令人激动”的意思，主语通常是物，因此正确答案选C。
3.- Do you think Brazil will beat Japan in World Cup
2006？
- Yes. They have better players , so I _____ them
to win. (武汉市)
A. hope B. preferC. expect D. want
【评析】 此题是在语境中考查动词的用法。从词法上看hope sb. to do sth.是错误的，因此A不对，从提供语境They have better players 看词意hope和expect都对，综合起来正确答案选C。
(二)似考语言点，实考语境
1.The teacher said we needed to choose three _____ for the school concert. (乌鲁木齐市)
A. farmers B. doctors
C. driversD. singers
【评析】此题表面上看好像在考查名词的复数，但仔细一看4个名词的复数形式全部正确，实际上就是考查语境下的词意，句中暗含语the school concert，因此答案选D。
2.- What happened to you this morning？
- The teacher asked me for my ___ when I was
late again. (荣城市)
A. meaningB. ideaC. excuseD. answer
【评析】 此题表面上考查词的辨析与词类，实际上是考查词的基本含义和在特定语境中的含义，excuse、answer既可以做动词又可以做名词，正确答案选C。此时的excuse是名词，意思是“理由、借口”。
二、口语应用考语境
近年来，很多省、市的中考题都增加了“口语应用”题型，解答这类题的关键是要联系上下文，捕捉语境暗示，此外，还要注意中外交际习俗的差异。如：
选择恰当的句子完成下列对话。(上海市)
A. I will start today.
B. But in fact，I'm feeling a little tired these days.
C. When the weather is warmer, I'll do it.
D. Very well, thank you.
E. Never better, Henry.
F. I get more exercises than you. And I'm more
careful about my diet.
G. Henry, and you are heavier than you used to be.
Man: Hello, Susan. How is everything in New York？
Lady: ① How are you？How is the family？
Man: Everyone's fine. ②
Lady: You're getting older. ③
Man: Everyone gets older. But you look younger than ever. What's your secret(秘密)？
Lady: There is no secret. ④ You should too.
Man: You are right. ⑤
Lady: No, Henry. You should start now.
Man: Okey. ⑥ Thank you for the advice.
【评析】 解答口语应用题，一定要先通读两遍，了解其大概交流内容。这段对话从问候How is everything...开始谈到保持年轻的秘密是锻炼，很平常的一段对话，贴近生活，容易读懂，然后再细读，寻找上下句的语境暗示。
①How is everything in New York ？问在纽约的情况怎么样，所给答案只有Never better, Henry可以回答，其余答案语意相差太远。
②How are you？ How is the family ？问朋友及家人身体状况，且已作回答Everyone is fine，所给答案能回答身体状况的只有B和D。如果选D，就与答句Everyone is fine重复，因此只能选B。But与前句Everyone is fine 形成转折。I'm feeling a little tired these days引出下文You're getting older。
③承接上句“感到累”，原因是年龄变大，体重增加，而下句则是人人在变老，而对方则显得年轻，问秘密何在，因此第③句选G，承前启后。
④Lady说“There is no secret”，凭常识自然容易想到“锻炼和节食”，因此④只能选F，同时建议朋友也应该这么做。
⑤、⑥两个答案就容易选了，接受朋友建议从现在做起。
正确答案：EBGFAC
三、短文填空考语境
短文填空主要考查语言实际综合运用能力，在中考中属于综合题，而语言的应用必须根据短文提供的语境获取大意。例如：
根据下列短文内容，在短文中的空白处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
Maybe you are more interested in sports than in history. You probably think you will never be a top student. In ① , anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. If you can use your time well, you may improve your study ② much work. Here's how:
Plan your time carefully. When you plan your week time, you should make a ③of things that you have to do. First write down the time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. Then decide on a good time for studying. Of course, studying shouldn't take all of your time. Don't forget to leave yourself enough ④ for hobbies.
Find a good place to study. Look around the house ⑤ a good study place. Keep this space, which may be a desk ⑥ just a corner of your room. No games, radio, or television！ When you sit down to work , think only about the subject！
Make good use of your time in class. Listen ⑦ to what the teacher says. Careful listening in class means less work later. You also need to take notes in class, because it can ⑧it easier for you to learn well.
There are only a few ways mentioned here to ⑨ you with your studying. I believe you will find ⑩ other ways besides these.
【评析】 短文填空首先必须读通大意。本文的关键句是If you can use your time well, you may improve your study ②much work， 而②是读懂文章最关键的一词，要准确填写这一关键词，必须根据前后语境，尤其是后面3段的大语境：1.Plan your time carefully. 2.Find a good place to study. 3.Make good use of your time in class. 只要做到这3点，用不着大量的作业和工作，就可以提高学习成绩，但很多考生没有注意到整个文段的语境，只是孤立看一句话“如果利用好时间，通过努力工作就可以提高学习成绩”，因此考生易填上with或through。①fact②without③plan 。实际上④、⑤、⑥都属于语境考题，要准确填词，务必弄清前后语境暗示与联系。又如：Of course, studying shouldn't take all of your time (当然，学习不应该占用你的所有时间)，自然就会联想到“留时间做……”leave time for...因此④应该填time。look around the house的目的就是为了a good study place，因此填上for表目的。⑤for,相当于to find，与前面语境find a good place to study吻合。
最后一句I believe you'll find⑩other ways besides these，结合前面语境There are only a few ways mentioned here 中的only a few，很容易想到some或many。⑥or⑦carefully⑧make⑨help⑩many/some