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硬膜外舒芬太尼超前镇痛作用

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[摘要] 目的:观察舒芬太尼超前镇痛作用。方法:择期子宫全切手术患者40例,年龄20~60岁,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为两组,每组20例。Ⅰ组在切皮前硬膜外注入舒芬太尼10 μg,Ⅱ组为对照组,注入生理盐水2 ml。观察术中硬膜外用药量,术后感觉疼痛时间,镇痛药用量及术后VAS评分。结果:两组患者在手术时间上无统计学差异。术中用量,与Ⅱ组比较,Ⅰ组明显减少(P

[关键词] 舒芬太尼;硬膜外麻醉;超前镇痛

[中图分类号] R614[文献标识码]B [文章编号]1673-7210(2008)06(b)-078-02

Effects of preemptive analgesia of sufentanil in epidural using

WANG Jin-feng*,XIN Xiu-ying,DING Bin

(Department of Anesthesiology,Weifang People's Hospital,Weifang 261041,China)

[Abstract] Objective: To observe preemptive analgesia of sufentanil in epidural using.Methods:Forty ASAⅠorⅡpatients aged 20~60 years undergoing total hysterectomy under epidural anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups:groupⅠwas given sufentanil 10 μg epidurally before skin incision. GroupⅡwas given 0.9% saline 2 ml.The required dosages of anesthetics in operation,postoperative time of aching,the postoperative required analgesic dosage and VAS score of patients controlled epidural analgesia were observed. Results: The required dosage of anesthetics in operation was markly lower in group Ⅰ than that in groupⅡ.The postoperative time of aching was significantly longer in group Ⅰ than that in groupⅡ. The postoperative required analgesic dosage was obviously smaller in groupⅠthan that in groupⅡ. The VAS scores of two groups were similar.Conclusion:Small dose of epidural sufentanil before skin incision can lower the required analgesic dosage after operation,preemptive analgesia is produced effectively.

[Key words] Sufentanil; Epidural anesthesia;Preemptive analgesia

超前镇痛是指术前即对伤害性感受加以阻滞而达到术后止痛或减轻疼痛的目的[1]。舒芬太尼是新一代强效阿片受体激动剂,本研究旨在探讨其在硬膜外麻醉中的超前镇痛作用

1 资料与方法

1.1病例选择及分组

选择择期硬膜外麻醉下子宫全切手术患者40例,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,年龄20~60岁,随机分为两组(每组20例)。

1.2 麻醉方法

两组患者入室后均行L1~2硬膜外穿刺,朝头端置管4 cm,硬膜外用药为2%利多卡因,在试验剂量(2%利多卡因5 ml)测出平面后,Ⅰ组硬膜外给舒芬太尼10 μg,Ⅱ组给生理盐水2 ml,5 min后给2%利多卡因8~10 ml,术中根据需要追加药量,术后都采用爱朋电子泵患者自控镇痛(PCEA),0.75%布比卡因35 ml+吗啡20 mg用生理盐水稀释到200 ml,PCA剂量5 ml,背景输注量5 ml/h,锁定时间20 min,限量15 ml/h。

1.3 观察指标

术中持续观察血压、心率、脉搏血氧饱和度。观察术中硬膜外用药量,术后感觉疼痛时间,镇痛药用量及术后VAS评分。

1.4 统计学处理

计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,计数资料比较采用χ2检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

两组患者一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(表1)。术中用量,与Ⅱ组比较,Ⅰ组明显减少(P

3 讨论

20世纪初超前镇痛的概念由Crile和Wall相继提出,即在手术前应用局部或阿片类药可以减少手术切皮引起的C纤维传入放电,从而减轻术后疼痛[2]。有研究表明,超前镇痛可防止中枢敏感化的建立从而降低甚至消除中枢致敏作用达到镇痛的目的。手术损伤诱发脊髓神经元伤害性受体兴奋性的提高,导致超敏状态的形成。而超前镇痛则可通过阻滞导致敏感化的形成达到镇痛的目的。理想的术后疼痛治疗应当是预先给药,超前阻止或减轻中枢神经系统疼痛刺激的任何记忆发展,减轻甚至消除术后疼痛。确切的超前镇痛作用应能有效地减少术后镇痛药的用量[3]。本研究中,Ⅰ组术中用量比Ⅱ组明显减少,术后疼痛开始时间,Ⅰ组比Ⅱ组明显延长,说明切皮前硬膜外给一次小剂量舒芬太尼能加强局麻药的作用。PCEA术后用药量Ⅰ组比Ⅱ组明显减少,说明舒芬太尼具有明显的超前镇痛作用。Tverskoy等[4]发现芬太尼有超前镇痛作用,Richmond等[5]发现术前使用吗啡可减少手术时中枢致敏减轻术后疼痛即继发的伤口痛,并减少对镇痛药的需求量,静脉或硬膜外给以吗啡均能产生明显的超前镇痛作用。舒芬太尼是新一代强效高选择性u受体激动剂,其镇痛强度是芬太尼的7~10倍[6],在静脉麻醉中显示了其优越性。本研究表明硬膜外给以小剂量舒芬太尼具有明显的超前镇痛作用。

[参考文献]

[1]Kissin I. Preemtive analgesia[J].Anesthesiology,2000,93:1138-1143.

[2]Wall PD. The prevention of postoperative pain [J].Pain,1988,33(2):289-290.

[3]Igor K,Woolf CJ,Chong MS.Preemtive analgesia why its effect is not always obvious[J].Anesthesiology,1996,84:1015-1017.

[4]Tverskoy M,Oz Y,Isakson A,et al.Preemptive effect of fentanyl and ketamine on postoperative pain and wound hyperalgesia[J].Anesth Analg,1994,78:205-209.

[5]Richmond CE,Bromley LM,Woolf CJ.Preoperativepreempts postoperative pain[J].Lancet,1993,342:73-75.

[6]Thomson IR,Harding G,Hudson RJ.A comparison of fentanyl and sufentanil in patients undergoing coronery artery bypass graft surgery[J].J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth,2000,14:652-656.

(收稿日期:2008-03-23)

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