人物传记类阅读理解的阅读策略

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人物传记是记叙文体的一种，主要描写某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终，脉络清楚，可读性较强。这类文章常采用倒叙的写作方法，即首先用几句话来简单介绍这个人，接着介绍这个人的出生、成长过程，然后再记述这个人一两件主要的事情或业绩，来反映这个人的思想、品德和情操，最后作者会对这个人进行评论，从而表达作者对这个人的情感。

人物传记类文章一般较长，而且该类命题的题量也较多。文章中往往会出现关于该人物的大量细节信息，有些细节很直接，只要理解字面意思即可，有些则很间接，需要综合、归纳、推理才能得出。因此，该类命题既注重考查对特定细节理解的准确性，又注重考查推理判断能力。

另外，虽然人物传记类文章的时间、空间或逻辑线索较清晰，但是为了加大难度，命题者往往使用倒叙、插叙或补叙等手段，故意打乱故事的陈述次序，使行文的跳跃性增强，情节也更复杂。同学们解题时应注意：

1.首先略读全文，弄清文章叙述的线索，即分清作者是按照时间顺序还是事件发展顺序来组织文章的。

2.人物传记类的文章中有较多的人物时，同学们一定要弄清人物之间的关系，因为这可能就是出题点。

3.抓住题干关键词，采用略读的方法查找细节描述。解答细节类题目时，可以先看题干内容，找到关键词，然后快速浏览文章内容，找出正确答案。

（2014年高考山东卷C篇）Elizabeth Freeman was born about 1742 to African American parents who were slaves. At the age of six months she was acquired，along with her sister，by John Ashley，a wealthy Massachusetts slaveholder. She became known as“Mumbet”or “Mum Bett”.

For nearly 30 years Mumbet served the Ashley family. One day，Ashley’s wife tried to strike Mumbet’s sister with a spade. Mumbet protected her sister and took the blow instead. Furious，she left the house and refused to come back. When the Ashleys tried to make her return，Mumbet consulted a lawyer，Theodore Sedgewick. With his help，Mumbet sued（）for her freedom.

While serving the Ashleys，Mumbet had listened to many discussions of the new Massachusetts constitution. If the constitution said that all people were free and equal，then she thought it should apply to her. Even￣tually，Mumbet won her freedom―the first slave in Massachusetts to do so under the new constitution.

Strangely enough，after the trial，the Ashleys asked Mumbet to come back and work for them as a paid employee. She declined and instead went to work for Segdewick. Mumbet died in 1829，but her legacy lived on in her many descendants（后裔）. One of her great-grandchildren was W.E.B. Du Bois，one of the founders of the NAACP，and an important writer and spokesperson for African American civil rights.

Mumbet’s tombstone still stands in the Massachusetts cemetery where she was buried. It reads，in part：“She was born a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty years. She could neither read nor write，yet in her own sphere she had no superior or equal.”

51. What do we know about Mumbet according to Paragraph 1？

A. She was born a slave.

B. She was a slaveholder.

C. She had a famous sister.

D. She was born into a rich family.

52. Why did Mumbet run away from the Ashleys？

A. She found an employer.

B. She wanted to be a lawyer.

C. She was hit and got angry.

D. She had to take care of her sister.

53. What did Mumbet learn from discussions about the new consititution？

A. She should always obey her owners’ orders.

B. She should be as free and equal as whites.

C. How to be a good servant.

D. How to apply for a job.

54. What did Mumbet do after the trial？

A. She chose to work for a lawyer.

B. She founded the NAACP.

C. She continued to serve the Ashleys.

D. She went to live with her grandchildren.

55. What is the text mainly about？

A. A story of a famous writer and spokesperson.

B. The friendship between a lawyer and a slave.

C. The life of a brave African American woman.

D. A trial that shocked the whole world.

答案与解析

51.解析：推理题。根据第一段的第一句可知，她是一对奴隶父母亲生下的孩子，天生就是一位奴隶。答案为A。

52.解析：推理题。根据第二段的第二至第四句可知，因为她被打了，她非常生气，所以才选择离开。答案为C。

53.解析：推理题。根据第三段的第一、二句可知，她一直在了解与新宪法有关的内容，是为了获得与白人一样的平等权利。答案为B。

54.解析：细节题。根据第二段的最后两句可知，Theodore Sedgewick是帮助她获得自由的律师。根据第四段的前两句可知，当the Ashleys请求她回去的时候，她拒绝了，而是选择为Theodore Sedgewick工作。答案为A。

55.解析：主旨大意题。本文属于人物传记类短文，介绍了生来就是奴隶的Elizabeth Freeman为了获得自由而进行斗争的故事，以及人们对她的评价，因此只有C项的说法与文章的主要内容相符。答案为C。

（作者单位：山东枣庄市二中）

（责任编校？筑彭益）