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结直肠黏液腺癌淋巴结转移度的临床病理意义

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[摘要] 目的 探讨结直肠黏液腺癌淋巴结转移度的临床病理意义。方法 收集2011年1月―2013年12月该院收治的26例结直肠黏液腺癌患者临床病理资料,根据性别、年龄及肿瘤部位进行分组,病理诊断确定各组术后标本收获淋巴结数及有肿瘤转移的阳性淋巴结数,按照淋巴结转移度=(阳性淋巴结数/收获淋巴结数)×100%,计算淋巴结转移度并进行统计学比较。结果 26例结直肠黏液腺癌中,男性患者淋巴结转移度(37.29%)明显高于女性(14.29%);65岁以上患者淋巴结转移度(40.63%)明显高于65岁以下(19.29%);左半结肠和直肠肿瘤患者淋巴结转移度(46.59%)明显高于右半结肠(21.11%),差异有统计学意义(P

[关键词] 结直肠癌;黏液腺癌;淋巴结转移度

[中图分类号] R735.3 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2014)10(b)-0042-03

Clinicopathological Significance of Lymph Node Metastasis Ratio in Colorectal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

LI Li WANG Jinsong ZHAO Jianhua

Department of Pathology, Nanjing First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinicopathological significance of lymph node metastasis ratio in colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma. Methods The clinicopathological data of 26 cases with colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma admitted in our hospital from January 2011 to December 2013 were collected. And the patients were divided into different groups according to the sex, age and tumor location. The number of invaded lymph nodes and the total number of resected lymph nodes in surgical specimens were diagnosed by pathologists. The lymph node metastasis ratio, which is the ratio between the number of invaded lymph nodes and the total number of resected lymph nodes, were analyzed statistically. Results Of the 26 cases with colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma, the lymph node metastasis ratio in males(37.29%) was significantly higher than that in females(14.29%); and that in 65 years or older (40.63%) was obviously higher than that in under age 65(19.29%); that in left hemicolon and rectal cancer (46.59%) was much higher than that in right hemicolon(21.11%), the differences were statistically significant (P

[Key words] Colorectal cancer; Mucinous adenocarcinoma; Lymph node metastasis ratio

结直肠癌是消化道常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率居恶性肿瘤发病率第三位。作为结直肠癌的病理组织学亚型,黏液腺癌和印戒细胞癌在形态学上都呈现大量黏液分泌,但是黏液腺癌表现为细胞外黏液的分泌亢进,印戒细胞癌则表现为细胞内黏液潴留,而且二者的分子机制也可能不同。在结直肠癌的发生发展过程中,黏液腺癌和印戒细胞癌的恶性转化途径可能与传统的腺瘤-腺癌序列不同,这些肿瘤亚型独特的形态学改变与肿瘤细胞的侵袭、转移、对化疗药物的敏感性以及患者临床预后相关[1-2]。国内的一项研究显示,青年人的结直肠癌组织学类型及分化较差,黏液腺癌和印戒细胞癌发病率较高[3]。对于结直肠癌术后标本,淋巴结检出数量与患者术后生存期密切相关,无淋巴结转移的患者术后3年生存率显著高于有淋巴结转移的患者,用来表示阳性淋巴结数占检出淋巴结总数比例的淋巴结转移度(lymph node ratio, LNR)是患者强有力的独立预后因素[4]。该研究收集2011年1月―2013年12月期间在该院行外科根治性手术治疗的26例结直肠黏液腺癌患者病理资料进行分析,旨在探讨结直肠黏液腺癌淋巴结转移度的临床病理意义,为进一步阐明黏液腺癌的病理特征提供实验依据,现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

收集该院行外科根治性手术治疗的26例结直肠黏液腺癌患者临床病理资料,其中男性15例,女性11例,年龄

1.2 方法

根据患者性别(男vs女)、年龄(

1.3 统计方法

采用SPSS 18.0统计学软件对数据进行处理,计数资料,比较采用χ2检验。

2 结果

结直肠黏液腺癌男性患者淋巴结转移度为37.29%(女性为14.29%),≥65岁患者淋巴结转移度为40.63%(

3 讨论

虽然美国NCCN指南明确要求每例结直肠癌手术切除标本应常规检查淋巴结12枚以上,但是限于外科手术和病理技术的原因,实际工作中并不能保证每例术后活检标本都可以达到该标准,甚至有学者提出,12枚的常规数量尚值得商榷,并非淋巴结检查的金标准[5]。该研究中每例患者检出淋巴结中位数为10枚,活检淋巴结数量并未能全部达到要求,这也与外科手术清扫范围及病理医师取材有关。对于不同部位、不同大小的结直肠肿瘤,外科医生切除肠段长度以及淋巴结清扫范围会有一定差异,术后送检的病理标本中,肠管周围组织中是否存在淋巴结,以及淋巴结数量的确定完全由病理医师肉眼触及鉴别,直接导致了收获淋巴结数量的差异。此外,光镜下对收获淋巴结的病理检查也存在一定缺陷,可能会有部分淋巴结存在微转移灶而未能在H.E.染色的切片中甄别而漏检,导致有肿瘤转移的阳性淋巴结数存在误差。利用免疫组织化学技术,检测收获淋巴结中细胞角蛋白(cytokeratin)有助于发现淋巴结中的肿瘤微转移灶,提高阳性淋巴结检出数量[6]。虽然诸多因素会影响到手术切除标本中的淋巴结检出数量,但有学者[7]认为,淋巴结转移度仍是结直肠癌患者独立的预后因素。目前,针对结直肠黏液腺癌中淋巴结转移度相关临床病理因素的分析,尚未见报道,该研究在分组比较中,结直肠黏液腺癌淋巴结转移度与患者性别、年龄及肿瘤部位明显相关,65岁以上,男性,左半结肠和直肠部位的肿瘤淋巴结转移度相对较高,这一结论还需要大样本的临床病理资料进一步研究验证。

此外,阳性淋巴结对数比(log odds ratio, LODDS)也被用于评价结直肠癌的淋巴结转移情况,其计算公式为log(阳性淋巴结数+0.5)/(阴性淋巴结数+0.5),与LNR相比,LODDS可能是一个用来判断肿瘤复发和远处转移更好的预后因子[8]。对于早期的结直肠癌,形态学观察和侵袭前沿CXCL12、p38-MAPK等相关分子的联合检测也可以预测肿瘤的淋巴结转移情况[9]。结直肠黏液腺癌与非黏液腺癌中也存在分子机制的差异,黏液腺癌与肿瘤的微卫星不稳定性(microsatellite instability, MSI)有关,MSI可能通过调控黏液的合成或降解,从而影响黏蛋白(mucin, MUC)的表达,具有高度MSI的结直肠癌具有独特的特征,包括低分化、黏液或印戒细胞形态,以及对化疗药物呈现不同的敏感性等[10]。这些差异表达将有助于进一步认识黏液腺癌的分子生物学特征,为该类型肿瘤的防治提供新的途径。

[参考文献]

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[3] 张东臣,俞林.青年人结直肠癌的临床病理特征及预后因素分析[J].山东医药,2013,53(21):65-67.

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[5] Li Destri G, Di Carlo I, Scilletta R, et al.Colorectal cancer and lymph nodes: the obsession with the number 12[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2014, 20(8):1951-1960.

[6] Oh TY, Moon SM, Shin US,et al.Impact on Prognosis of Lymph Node Micrometastasis and Isolated Tumor Cells in Stage II Colorectal Cancer[J].J Korean Soc Coloproctol,2011,27(2):71-77.

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[8] Makkai-Popa ST, Lunc S, Trcoveanu E, et al.Lymph node status assessed through the log odds ratio- a better tool in the prognosis of colorectal cancer relapse[J].Rom J Morphol Embryol,2014,55(1):97-102.

[9] Ryu HS, Kim WH, Ahn S, et al. Combined morphologic and molecular classification for predicting lymph node metastasis in early-stage colorectal adenocarcinoma[J].Ann Surg Oncol, 2014,21(6):1809-1816.

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(收稿日期:2014-07-08)