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书面表达“三部曲”――审、定、思

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近年来的中考英语书面表达,常以中英文提示作文、看图写作、图表作文等形式出现,旨在考查考生的语言综合运用能力。大部分题材贴近学生生活,关注社会热点问题,诸如人口、环保、世界和平、和谐社会、希望工程、志愿者、全运会、省运会、地震等方面的问题,涉及到学校及家庭生活、人们生活水平的提高、社会公益事业、文化交流等话题,同时倡导和谐社会及实施农村六大工程的策略与考生的关系,提升城市文化品位等方面。

通过参加多年的中考阅卷,我发现不少考生的书面表达常出现以下几方面的失误:汉式英语多,逐句翻译严重;句子不完整;缺乏连词;时态使用错误;部分短语翻译错误;对限定的内容有困难时不会变通;词数不够等。提高写作水平绝不是一时之功,这就需要同学们在日常生活中勤于思考,善于把自己的思想用英语正确地表达和记录下来。只要不断地积累,再加上一定的方法和技巧,谱好英语书面表达的“三部曲”,定会让你旗开得胜。现不妨以My Last Weekend为例加以说明:

一、审。

即审题,确定文章的主题(How did you spend your last weekend?)和时态(过去时)。然后细读要求,全面把握内容要点,从提示的内容要点出发(内容可有:学习、娱乐、做家务等。词数:80词左右),展开一次“brainstorm”,即头脑风暴,对主题句(How did you spend your last weekend?)引申出各种联想,用My last weekend was very exciting 作为首句――总述。

二、定。

即定主体内容――分述。围绕提示内容,列举实例加以阐述,内容要始终与主题句保持一致,然后根据自己已有的经验和词汇,选择最熟悉、最有把握的方面来写,写起来要言之有物,并且句与句、段与段之间的衔接要自然、连贯,不妨适当运用关联词作为过渡词,以达到承上启下的效果,如:and, but, however, so, though, even if, also等等。例如:

My last weekend was very exciting. On Saturday morning, I cleaned my room and made my bed. Then I did morning exercises and read the morning newspaper. On Saturday afternoon, I played basketball with my best friends and I did my homework. On Saturday evening, I did the dishes and watched TV with my family. On Sunday, I climbed Mount Tai with my classmates and had a birthday party for my best friend, Liqiang.

三、思。

即展开合理的想象和适当的发挥,扩展思路,加以总体概述――总述。如:Though I was busy and very tired, I was very happy. 同时,还要思考灵活运用长短句,大胆使用长句和复合句,合理使用高级词汇,以使文章呈现出句式的多样性和语言的丰富性,这样才有可能获得高分。然后反过头去思考一下:文间是否切题;信息点是否齐全;时态、语态、主谓一致、名词单复数等语法点是否有误;单词拼写、词组搭配是否有误;句子连接是否流畅;词数是否符合要求;标点符号是否规范;书写是否工整等等。

Last week I had a very meaningful weekend. Last Saturday was Mother’s Day, so my father and I bought some flowers for mom and helped her with the housework. We cleaned the house and did the cooking. On Sunday my parents took me to the museum. I not only learned much historical knowledge but also saw many interesting things in it. Though I was busy and very tired, I was very happy.

现在,发挥你的聪明才智,用所给的中英文提示写一篇文章。

例题:

回顾初中两年的成长过程,你一定有很多感受。请你以“My School Life”为题写一篇短文,从生活、爱好、学习等方面作出自我评价。

注意:

1. 所有的提示词必须用上,并适当发挥;

2. 词数80左右。

提示词:learn a lot, do well in , make friends, hobby, your favorite subject, try one’s best, hope

解析:

审――确定主题:my school life

确定时态:现在完成时和一般现在时

细读要求:提示内容(回顾初中两年的成长过程中,你一定有很多感受,请你从生活、爱好、学习等方面作出自我评价,提示词:learn a lot, do well in, make friends, hobby, your favorite subject, try one’s best, hope,所有的提示词必须用上,并适当发挥。)字数:80字左右

定――定主体内容(谋篇布局)

首句(总)I have studied in my middle school for more than two years.

主体(分) I have learned a lot over the years. I have learned not only how to make friends but also how to talk to others. I have many hobbies. I like singing and dancing. I like sports, too. I often play basketball, football and volleyball with my friends, and football is my favorite. Of all my subjects, I do best in English and Chinese. But my math and physics are a little weak.

尾句(总) I think I will try my best to learn them well. I hope I can study in a key high school next term.

思――仔细检查看是否所有的提示词都用上了,是否发挥了想象,词数是否够数,书写是否工整、规范。

冰冻三尺非一日之寒,只要平时多阅读多练习,并做到持之以恒,始终坚持循序渐进的原则,注意基本功训练,加强遣词造句和组句成篇的能力培养,考试时保持平和的心态,写作时按照本文所说的“审――定――思”步骤去做,相信每位同学都能写出切中题意、语言通顺、条理清晰、过渡自然,语法正确的好文章。