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加be解含非谓语动词的难题

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1.“it is +形容词/名词+(for/of sb.)+to do sth.”结构

究竟是选of,还是选for?这是个头痛的问题,大多数同学都靠死记硬背来解决。我们提供一种方法,用“sb. +be +形容词/名词”检验,若这三个词为一句话,则选of,否则就选for。

It is necessary( )you to have a talk with him.

不能说“You are necessary”,而只能说to do sth. is necessary,因此括号中要填的是for。

It is foolish( )you to do it like that.

“You are foolish”是完整的句子,因此括号中要填of。

需要说明的是,在“find/think/consider + it +形容词/名词 +(for /of sb.)+ to do sth.”句式中,也可用 for /of 引出逻辑主语。

2. 独立主格结构作伴随状语

独立主格结构作伴随状语时,选择-ed 形式或者-ing 形式在很多情况下也很困难。此时我们可以巧妙地利用be和前面名词的关系,对独立主格结构进行确定。

All flights( )because of the heavy storm,we decided to take the train.

A. having canceled B. being canceled

C. having been canceled D. canceled

加上be:“The flights are canceled”是正确的句子,航班被取消,要用-ed 形式,再结合后面句子的时态,应该用完成式。答案为C。

( )a fine day,I decided to go for an outing.

A. Being B. Having been

C. It being D. It was

加上be:如果逻辑主语与主句的主语一致,则逻辑关系为“I was a fine day”,显然不通,需要带上自己的逻辑主语it,“It was a fine day”是正确的,因此用现在分词形式的非谓语动词。答案为C。

3.伴随状语中容易出错的问题

( )by his find,Robey shopped other branch post offices for more sheets with inverted centers but found none.

A. Exciting B. Excitement

C. Excited D. To excite

加上be:Robey is excited.(罗比很激动)说的是人的情感反应;The story is exciting.(故事很刺激)说的是事物的客观特性。我们自然地判定出这里说的是人的反应,而不是事物特征,因此用-ed 形式是正确的。答案为C。

4. 非谓语动词作补语的疑难解决

Because of accent,he cannot make himself( )in the class.

A. understand B. understood

C. understanding D. to understand

要解决这个问题,可以通过在非谓语动词和前面的名词之间加上be 来解决:“He is understanding” 和“He is understood”,显然在班上他要被人理解,需要选择-ed 形式。答案为B。(责任编校/彭益)