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人人争当工程师

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还记得2011年让不少人赞不绝口的印度影片《三个》(3 Idiots)吗?片中三位主人公就读的皇家工程学院其实就是指印度理工学院。而印度理工学院在印度各学府中的地位可是至高无上的。我们来听听印度人的工程师梦吧。

There’s a joke about Indian fathers. A father says to his son, “You can study any field you want as long as it’s engineering.” Dipanshu Aurora is only 15.He’s convinced that engineering is the only option, so much so that he’s overlooking one potentially important obstacle.

Reporter: Are you good at math and science?

Dipanshu: No, I am not good at math and science. It’s challenge for me.

So Dipanshu left home after 10th grade and came to the town of Kota. The town’s famous in India for the dozens of cram schools that prepare students for the IIT exam. The IIT is the Indian Institute of Technology, the Holy Grail of education in India. Dipanshu spends six days a week sitting in classes like these. Forget sports, literature or history; just math, physics and chemistry for two years.

Mortaza Falsia is 18, and he says he’s not like many of the other students here. He’s sincerely interested in engineering, but he failed the exam, so he’s here in Kota for a year of tutoring. I asked him and some of his friends why young people don’t study liberal arts in India.

Mortaza: If you’re taking arts, then you’re scoffed at, you’re made fun of.

They tell me there are classes in things like psychology.

Friend A: …and if you take those courses, you’re going nowhere. You cannot expect a future over like taking a psychology…

Friend B: …in India.

Friend A: …yeah, in India. In India.

According to Mortaza and his friends, science is the only subject worth studying, but only if it leads to an engineering or medical degree.

Mortaza: They’re just looking to improve their style of living, and it’s not really the want of knowledge or that with that really motivates them. It’s basically better style of living; to achieve that.

The problem is IIT only has about 10,000 seats, and half a million students take the entrance exam each year. That’s about 50 applicants for every seat. Compare that to Harvard, where 17 students apply for every student admitted.

This obsession with engineering has an unintended effect. The country has a shortage of lawyers, architects and psychologists. Ironically, it doesn’t even have enough professors to teach all the students enrolled in its elite engineering schools.

But for Dipanshu Aurora, the 15-year-old who says he’s bad at math, it’s simple. He’d like to be an air traffic controller, but the job doesn’t pay enough. Dipanshu: No good college, then no good job, then salary’s less, then future is spoiled, no good wife, no good anything else.

So he’s boning up for the engineering entrance exam next year; he and half a million other wouldbe engineers.

有这样一个关于印度父亲的笑话。父亲对儿子说:“你想学什么专业都可以,只要是工程学就行。”迪潘苏・奥罗拉才15岁,他坚信工程学是他的惟一选择。他的想法如此坚定,以至于他忽视了他将面临的一个严重问题。

记者:你擅长数学和科学课吗?

迪潘苏:不,我的数学和科学课都不行。这对我来说是个挑战。

于是,迪潘苏念完十年级后就离开家乡,来到科塔市。这座城市以有几十所专门为学生参加印度理工学院入学试提供填鸭式课程的学校而闻名全国。在印度,印度理工学院是学子们心目中的教育圣地。迪潘苏每周有六天要在这样的课堂里上课。什么体育、文学、历史,想都不用想,他们在两年的时间里只学习数学、物理和化学。

莫塔扎・法尔西亚今年18岁,他说他与其他学生不同,因为他是真的对工程学感兴趣,但却未能通过入学考试,所以他来到科塔补习一年。我问他和他的朋友,为什么在印度,年轻人不学习文科。

莫塔扎:如果你学习艺术,你就会被嘲笑,成为笑话。

他们告诉我,确实也有像心理学这样的课程。

朋友甲:……如果你选修上这些课程,那你就没有未来可言,上像心理学这样的课,你是不会有前途的……

朋友乙:……在印度。

朋友甲:……对,我说的是在印度,在印度是这样。

根据莫塔扎他们的说法,科学类课程是惟一值得学习的课程,但也只局限于那些能让学生获得工程学位或医学学位的科学类课程。

莫塔扎:他们只想提高自己的生活水平,而不是真的想获取知识,这不是他们的动力。他们基本上只是想有更好的生活。

不过,问题是,印度理工学院只有大约一万个学位,而每年却有50万学生参加入学试,也就是说大约五十人争一个学位。相比之下,美国哈佛大学是17个学生争一个学位。

印度人对工程学的痴迷无意中带来了一个副作用――这个国家缺乏律师、建筑师和心理学家。颇具讽刺意味的是,印度甚至没有足够的教授向已就读顶尖工程学校的学生传授知识。

可对15岁、自称数学不佳的迪潘苏・奥拉罗来说,事情再简单不过了。他其实想成为一名空中交通控制员,但那份工作的工资不够高。

迪潘苏:不上好的学校就没有好的工作,这样工资就不会高,未来就毁了,也找不到好妻子,什么好东西都得不到。

于是,他在为明年的工程学入学考试努力学习。与他一道闯关的还有50万一心想当工程师的学生。翻译:BTW

印度理工学院 Indian Institute of Technology

印度理工学院(简称IIT)由印度政府创办于1951年,在全国有七个校区。该校在学术界具有世界声誉,被称为印度“科学皇冠上的瑰宝”,是印度最顶尖的工程教育与研究机构。为了让学校更快发展起来,印度政府还特别制定了一个为它量身打造的独立法案,宣告IIT是“国家级重要机构”,允许学校高度自治,课程设计、招生、教职员招聘,全由教师组成的学术议会裁定,不必受到非学术势力的干扰与压力。

在印度流行这么一种说法:一流的学生进IIT,二流的才出国念美国名校,因为每年IIT报考学生的录取率不到2%。入学考试只考数学、物理和化学,而且要考两次,第一次先刷掉后面的40%,第二次则挑出最后能够入学的考生。神奇的是,入学考试得分排名几乎跟4年后从学校毕业的学科成绩排名一模一样。

印度理工学院培养的IT人才遍及世界各地,美国硅谷更是这些IT人才的聚集地。印度理工学院为印度软件业在世界范围内的成功作出了不可磨灭的贡献。