富硒海洋小球藻对三疣梭子蟹血清中部分免疫活性酶的影响
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摘要：对三疣梭子蟹（Portunus trituberculatus）分别饲以单纯配合饵料（对照组）和“配合饵料+富硒藻粉”的混料（试验组），研究其血清中部分免疫活性因子超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、酸性磷酸酶（ACP）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性的变化，并对试验结果进行统计学分析。结果表明，试验组三疣梭子蟹血清中的SOD活性逐渐上升，至72 h达到最高点，比对照组高44%；ACP活性24 h即呈大幅度上升趋势，24 h时比对照组高97%，上升趋势维持到48 h达最高点（是对照组的3.7倍），72 h仍为对照组的2.8倍；AKP活性5、24 h分别比对照组高39%、38%，48 h达最高（比对照组高80%）；CAT活性24 h是对照组的4.3倍，48 h仍为对照组的2.1倍。试验证实，在投喂“配合饵料+富硒藻粉”的混料72 h内，三疣梭子蟹体内的免疫因子发生了明显的变化，血清中SOD、ACP、AKP、CAT活性在不同时间段均有诱导性升高，显著高于对照组水平，说明饲喂普通饵料添加一定量富硒藻粉能有效激活三疣梭子蟹的免疫活性。
关键词：三疣梭子蟹（Portunus trituberculatus）；海洋小球藻（Chlorella saccharophila）；免疫活性
中图分类号：S968.2 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2016）14-3687-03
DOI：10.14088/ki.issn0439-8114.2016.14.036
Abstract： The Portunus trituberculatus was divided into control and treatment group and fed with pure bait and bait added Se algae powder to study the variety of some immune activity factor such as，SOD，ACP，AKP and CAT in serum of Portunus trituberculatus. The result showed that the SOD in the serum of the treatment group rised gradually and reached the highest at 72th hour which was higher than the control group by 44%. The ACP activity also showed a significant upward trend at 24th hour and it was higher than the control group by 97% of，the upward trend maintained to 48th hours and reached the highest point， which was 3.7 times to the control group，and it was still 2.8 times to the control group at 72th h. The AKP activity was higher than the control group by 39%，38% at 5th h and 24th h，It reached the highest at 48th hour and was higher than the control group by 80%. The CAT activity was 4.3 times to the control group at 24th h and at 48th h it was also 2 times to the control group.The results showed that the immune factors of the Portunus trituberculatus had significant changes when fed with bait added Se algae powder in 72 h，the activity of SOD，ACP，AKP，CAT in serum were elevated at different times and significantly higher than the control group. It indicated that feeding the pure bait added a certain amount of Selenium to Portunus trituberculatus could effectively activate its immune activity.
Key words： Portunus trituberculatus； Chlorella saccharophila； immune activity
三疣梭子蟹（Portunus trituberculatus）是一种重要的海洋经济动物，主要分布于中国、朝鲜、日本等海域[1]。是中国沿海重要的传统水产经济动物，也是中国沿海重要的养殖种类[2]。在养殖过程中主要以投喂新鲜的小杂鱼虾为主，易污染水质。近年来由于养殖密度加大、投食过多，积累的残饵、代谢废物等有机物导致养殖环境的污染，损害了三疣梭子蟹免疫防御系统，导致其自身的抗病力下降，对病害的易感性增加，疾病频繁发生，已成为限制三疣梭子蟹生长、存活及人工健康养殖的重要因素[3，4]。如近几年由鳗弧菌、溶藻弧菌等弧菌引起的病害给三疣梭子蟹养殖业带来了重大经济损失[5]。
研究表明，硒是一种免疫活性元素，但无机硒不能被动物体利用，它可参与藻细胞的代谢过程，转变为有机硒，形成硒蛋白及多糖。通过食物链的传递，进入动物及人体内，具有抗衰老、抗氧化及增强免疫力等重要作用[6]。将其应用于畜禽及水产动物健康养殖的研究起步较晚。