科普类阅读理解题的答题技巧
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普类的阅读理解虽然在阅读时会有一些障碍，但其题目往往较简单，因此，同学们千万不要因为阅读有障碍便产生恐惧心理。同学们在阅读和答题时可采用以下方法：
1.阅读时，首先要特别注意文章的开头和结尾。一般来说，科普类文章的开头或结尾往往是文章的中心所在，因此抓住了这些内容，同学们便能很容易把握文章的主题和中心。
2.答题时，可以先看题目，再有针对性地寻找关键词句，这样可以使阅读有更强的目的性，从而既节省时间又能提高答题的正确率。因为这类文章往往生词较多，而其中很多生词是不影响答题的。先看题目，便可以避开一些生词的干扰。另外，先看题目，也可以有效地避免因发现文章中有较多生词而产生的恐慌和紧张情绪。
3.注重细节，找准答案。科普类阅读理解主要是细节理解题，一般并不需要对文章的内容进行深层次的挖掘便可得出答案，有的题目可以直接从原文中得出答案。因此，同学们解答这类题目时，要注重细节，并认真对比选项与原文信息，找准答案。
4.两大热点题型的答题技巧
同义解释形式多样，有的利用下定义，有的利用or，that is（to say），in other words，namely等引出后面的解释，有的利用破折号、同位语（从句）、定语从句或同义词、近义词等引出后面的解释。
（2）主旨大意题的答题技巧――浓缩主题，确定标题
文章标题可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章讨论的中心，把握作者的观点和意图。解题时可运用以下技巧：在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑这句话或短语与文章主题是否有密切的联系，再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何，要注意题目是否过大或过小。要恰当地选好标题，还需要了解标题的写作方式。一般来说，标题的写作方式是以话题为核心，将控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句句意或中心思想的词组。
（2014年高考安徽卷B篇）Recordings of angry bees are enough to send big，tough African elephants running away，a new study says. Beehives（蜂窝）― either recorded or real―may even prevent elephants from damaging farmers’ crops.
In 2002，scientist Lucy King and her team found that elephants avoid certain trees with bees living in them. Today，Lucy wants to see if African honeybees might discourage elephants from eating crops. But before she asked farmers to go to the trouble of setting up beehives on their farms，she needed to find out if the bees would scare elephants away.
Lucy found a wild beehive inside a tree in northern Kenya and set up a recorder. Then she threw a stone into the beehive，which burst into life. Lucy and her assistant hid in their car until the angry bees had calmed down. Next，Lucy searched out elephant families in Samburu National Reserve in northern Kenya and put a speaker in a tree close to each family.
From a distance，Lucy switched on the pre-recorded sound of angry bees while at the same time recording the elephants with a video camera. Half the elephant groups left the area within ten seconds. Out of a total of 17 groups，only one group ignored the sound of the angry bees. Lucy reported that all the young elephants immediately ran to their mothers to hide under them. When Lucy played the sound of a waterfall（瀑布）instead of the angry bees to many of the same elephant families，the animals were undisturbed. Even after four minutes， most of the groups stayed in one place.
Lucy is now studying whether the elephants will continue to avoid the sound of angry bees after hearing it several times. She hasn’t tested enough groups yet to know，but her initial（最初的） results were promising enough to begin trials with farmers. She has now begun placing speakers in the fields to see if elephants are frightened away.
60. We know from the passage that elephants may be frightened of _______.
A. loud noises B. some crops
C. video cameras D. angry bees
61. As mentioned in the passage，Lucy _______.
A. works by herself in Africa
B. needs to test more elephant groups
C. has stopped elephants eating crops
D. has got farmers to set up beehives on their farms
62. Why did Lucy throw a stone into a wild beehive？
A. To record the sound of bees.
B. To make a video of elephants.
C. To see if elephants would run away.
D. To find out more about the behavior of bees.
63. Which of the following is true according to the passage？
A. Young elephants ignore African honeybees.
B. Waterfalls can make elephants stay in one place.
C. Elephants do not go near trees with bees living in them.
D. Farmers do not allow Lucy to conduct tests in their fields.
答案与解析
60.解析：细节题。根据文章第一句可知，录下的愤怒的蜜蜂的声音足以让非洲大象都害怕地跑开。答案为D。
61.解析：推理题。根据文章最后一段的第二句可知，她还需要对更多的象群进行研究，以证明蜜蜂的声音对大象是有影响的。答案为B。
62.解析：推理题。根据文章第三段的前三句可知，露西扔石头是为了录下愤怒的蜜蜂的声音。答案为A。
63.解析：推理题。根据文章倒数第二段的前三句可知，当她播放录下的愤怒的蜜蜂的声音的时候，一半大象在10秒钟之内离开了，而且在17组大象中，只有一组大象对愤怒的蜜蜂的声音没反应，说明大象很害怕蜜蜂。答案为C。
（作者单位：山东枣庄市二中）
（责任编校？筑彭益）