从关系词看定语从句五大考点

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一、考查when与which的区别

当先行词为表示时间的名词时，如果从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词which或that，在非限定性定语从句中只能用which，关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略；如果从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，先行词在从句中作状语，则填when。

There are moments when I forget all about it.总有些时候我会记不起这件事。

During the weeks which/that followed， she heard several times from Laura.在接下来的几周里，她收到了劳拉的几封信。

例1 （2014年高考浙江卷）I don’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade， ______ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.

A. when B. where C. which D. why

解析：本题定语从句的先行词是the fifth grade，后面定语从句“I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree”中主谓宾结构完整，所以使用关系副词来引导定语从句，因为先行词是一个表示时间的名词，所以用when。故A项正确。

二、考查where与which的区别

当先行词为表示地点的名词时，如果从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语，则用which或that，在非限定性定语从句中只能用which，关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略；如果从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，先行词在从句中作状语，则用where。

高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂，从先行词为明显的地点名词转为“地点的模糊化”。当先行词表示某人或物的situation，或某事所发展的stage，或表达某事的某个方面时，都可用关系副词where。当先行词为activity，work，family，race等，并在定语从句中作状语时，用where来引导从句。

The crises has reached a point where the receiver will have to be called in.危机已经达到非把破产管理人叫来不可的地步。

He lives in the house which/that is opposite ours.他住在我们家对面的房子里。

例2 （2014年高考江苏卷） The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication， especially at work ______ a good impression is a must.

A. which B. when C. as D. where

解析：本题定语从句的先行词是work，后面的定语从句“a good impression is a must”的句子结构完整，所以先行词在句中作状语，用关系副词where引导。故D项正确。

三、考查which与that的区别

当先行词为表示物的名词时，从句中缺少主语或宾语时用关系代词which或that，非限定性定语从句只能用which来引导。

She was very fond of speaking French，which indeed she spoke well.她很喜欢说法语。的确，她的法语说得很好。

在下列情况下只用that，不用which：

①先行词是all或everything，nothing，anything等不定代词时；

②先行词被all，any，every，no，some，little，much等词修饰时；

③先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；

④先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last修饰时；

⑤当先行词既有人又有物时；

⑥在有which，who等疑问词的特殊疑问句中。

Can you think of anyone that could look after him a bit for the next few days？ 你能想起什么人可以在接下来的几天照顾一下他吗？

I use the same shaving brush that I have used for ten years.我的剃须刷用了十年了。

What else was there in my brother that you didn’t like？ 还有哪些是我哥哥身上你不喜欢的？

Any person that has the money can join the group.任何人只要有钱都可以加入团队。

例3 （2014年高考北京卷）I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，______ my classmates recommended to me.

A. who B. which C. when D. where

解析：本题考查的是非限定性定语从句，先行词是the book Sherlock Holmes，在定语从句中作动词recommended的宾语，所以要用which。故B项正确。

例4 （2014年高考陕西卷）Please send us all the information ______ you have about the candidate for the position.

A. that B. which C. as D. what

解析：本题定语从句的先行词是all the information，定语从句“you have about the candidate for the position”中动词have后面缺少宾语，所以先行词在从句中作宾语，用关系代词that或which。当指物的先行词前面有all修饰时，要用关系代词that。关系代词as引导定语从句时，先行词前面要有the same等修饰。故A项正确。

例5 （2014年高考重庆卷）We’ll reach the sales targets in a month ______ we set at the beginning of the year.

A. which B. where C. when D. what

解析：本题定语从句的先行词是the sales target，定语从句中动词set后面缺少宾语，所以先行词在从句中作宾语，用关系代词which。故A项正确。

例6 （2014年高考四川卷）Until now， we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children， ______ is quite unexpected.

A. that B. which C. who D. it

解析：本题考查非限定性定语从句。定语从句中缺少主语，先行词为整个主句，所以要用关系代词which指代整个主句的内容，引导非限定性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。that不能引导非限定性定语从句。who的先行词必须是人，it不能引导定语从句。故B项正确。

四、考查关系代词whose

关系代词whose是代词的所有格，它既可指人，也可指物（此时相当于of which）。它不仅可以引导限定性定语从句，也可以引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作定语。

例7 （2014年高考山东卷）A company ______ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.

A. which B. whose C. who D. why

解析：本题定语从句的先行词是a company，后面的定语从句中名词profits前面缺少定语修饰，所以使用关系代词whose引导这个定语从句，并在句中作定语。whose profits相当于the profits of which。故B项正确。

五、考查“不定代词 / 名词 / 数词+of which / whom”结构

“不定代词/名词/数词+of which/whom”结构通常用于引导非限定性定语从句，表示整体中的全部或一部分，指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。

例8 （2014年高考天津卷）English is a language shared by several diverse cultures， ______ uses it differently.

A. all of which B. each of which

C. all of them D. each of them

解析：本题考查非限定性定语从句，先行词是several diverse cultures，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，所以用which引导。them不能用来引导从句，排除C项和D项。all作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式，uses说明A项是错误的。each作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。故B项正确。